搜索
1Chapter2OverviewofTransportation&Oceanshipping2Keywordsandterms•Transportationmodes运输方式•Roadtransport/railtransport/airtransport/watertransport/pipeline•Intermodaltransportation多式联运•Intermodaltransportoperator多式联运经营人•Intermodalservice联运服务•Trucking卡车运输•maritimetransport海洋运输3Introduction•Transportationreferstothephysicalmovementofgoodsfromaplaceoforigntoaplaceofconsumption.Itcaninvolverawmaterialsbeingbroughtintotheproductionprocessorfinishedgoodsbeingshippedtothecustomer.4Introduction•Transportationencompassfivetypes,ormodes:•water,air,road,railandpipeline•Maritimeshipping•MaritimeFreight,Cargoships,ShippingService5TransportationModeHighlights6•Economicalcomparedwithtrucking,especiallyoverlongdistances(cost-effective)•Canberapid,especiallyoverlongdistances•Goodforlargevolume•Haulsmainlycoal,grain,fertilizer,mineral,lumber,autos,containersRail7Disadvantages•Themajordisadvantagesofrailwayaretheinherentinflexibilityofoperation,fixedtimeschedulesandmarshalling,andservicefromterminaltoterminal.8AllowsrapidmovementofgoodsovershortdistanceAllows“justintime”deliveriesDirect,flexible,cangoanywhereroadsareAdoortodoorserviceUsesexistingroadwayinfrastructure•Truckingforgoodsmovement,autoforpassengerRoad9Disadvantages•Withthedevelopmentofroadtransportation,newtypesofproblems,suchasasignificantgrowthoffuelconsumption,airpollution,trafficcongestionandroadaccidentshaveemerged.10Air•Goodfor--Timesensitivematerials--Mail--Lightweightmaterial--Perishable--Valuable•ShorttimecycleforinfrastructurebuildingExtremelyrapid,flexibledelivery•ExpensiveBeeasilyinfluencedbyheavyweather11Waterways•Includesrivers,lakes,canal,waterways,maritimeshipping•Movealargenumberofcargoes•Goodforbulkfreight•Lowcost•Lowspeed12FreightmodalcapacitiesWhyarethesedifferencesimportanttous?13•Pipelinesoperateonatwenty-four-hourbasis,sevendaysperweek,fiftytwoweeksperyear.(continuous)•intensiveinfrastructureinvestment•Lowcost•Lowpollution•Mostlyforgoodssuchaspetroleum,naturalgasandcoal(specificcargos)•Inflexible–carryonecommodityfromalocationtoanotherPipelines14RankingModesofTransportation14-14RankingCostDeliverySpeedDeliveryTimeDependabilityRiskofLoss&DamageNumberofPointsServed(Best)12345(Worst)LegendAirWaterRailPipelineTruck15§2OceanShippingCargotypesShipTypesOceanShippingservice16•Generalcargoship普通货船•Refrigeratorship冷藏船•Containership集装箱船•Lash-lighteraboardship/bargecarryingship载驳船•Oiltanker油船•Chemicaltanker化学品船•Liner班轮运输•Tramper不定期货船•Charteronatimebasis(timecharter)定期租船•Charteronavoyagebasis(voyagecharter)航次租船17WhyoceanshippingThecontinuouslyincreasingdemandforgoodsmovementaroundtheworldTheadvantageofmaritimetransport①Goodforbulkfreight②Lowcost③goodforlongdistancetravel④Therenovationofmaritimetransport–largecarryingcapacity,fastermovement,fewerhandsrequired18Cargotypes•Bulkcargo•Bulkcargoreferstofreight,bothdryorliquid,thatisnotpackagedsuchasminerals(oil,coal,ironore)andgrains.•Break-bulkcargo•Break-bulkcargoreferstogeneralcargothathasbeenpackagedinsomewaywiththeuseofbags,boxordrums.19ShipTypes(dividedbyfunctions)•Drycargoship•TankerGeneralcargoshipRefrigeratorshipContainershipLash-lighteraboardship(bargecarryingvessel)OiltankerChemicaltankerMiscellaneoustankerConventionalcargoshipMulti-purposegeneralcargoshipSpecializeddrycargoshipfullcontainershipSemi-containershipRollon/rolloffcontainership20ShipTypes(dividedbycarriedcargotypes)•Bulkcarriers•Bulkcarriersareshipsdesignedtocarryspecificcommodities,andaredifferentiatedintoliquidbulkanddrybulkvessels.•Generalcargoships•Generalcargoshipsarevesselsdesignedtocarrynon-bulkcargoes.Becauseofextremelyslowloadingandoff-loading,21ShipTypes(dividedbycarriedcargotypes)•thesevesselshavebeenreplacedbycontainerships.•Rollon-rolloffvessels•ROROvesselsaredesignedtoallowcars,trucksandtraintobeloadeddirectlyonboard.Thelargestarethecarcarriersthattransportvehiclesfromassemblyplantstothemainmarkets.22Shipstypes(dividedbythesizeofships)•Accordingtothesizeofvessels,theycanbedividedinto•UltraLargeCrudeCarriers“(ULCCs)极大型油轮ofmorethan300,000deadweighttons(DWT);•“VeryLargeCrudeCarriers”(VLCCs)超大型油轮from200,000to300,000DWT;•“Suezmax”tankers苏伊士型油轮between125,000and180,000DWT;•“Aframax”tanker非洲型油轮between75,000and125,000DWT;•“Panamax”tankers巴拿马型油轮ofaround50,000DWT;•“Handymax”便利型油轮tankersofaround35,000DWT;•“HandySize”轻型油轮tankersof20,000-30,000DWT•D.W.T.(deadweightton)isreferredtothecarryingcapacityintransportation.23TypesofOceanShippingservice•1.Liner班轮运输•Lineroffershippingspace,ascommoncarriers,onshipsoperatingalongfixedroutesonregularschedule,principallyengagedincarryinggeneralcargoinrelativelysmallshipmentsandlimitedvolumes242.Trampers不定期船运输•Refertoshipsplayingonwaterwayswithoutpre-setscheduleorfixedroutesandsailingsnormallydependontheavailabilityofcargoesentrustforcarriages.25ServicesComparisonTrampingLinerShippingTransportationDemandNumberofshippersFewManyQuantityLargeSmallUnitvalueLowHighRegularityLowHighTransportationSupplyContractVesselFreight(billoflading)VesselsLiquidandbulkGeneralcargoFrequencyLowHighImplicationsFreightLiquidand