美国文学-问答题-答案-整理

问答题3.WhydidMarkTwaindefinetheperiodofthecivilwarasa“GildedAge”?4.Whatis“Naturalism”inliterarycreation?1)Naturalismamoredeliberatekindofrealism,usuallyinvolvesaviewofhumanbeingsasapassivevictimsofnaturalforcesandsocialenvironment.2)Naturalismamoredeliberatekindofrealism,usuallyinvolvesaviewofhumanbeingsasapassivevictimsofnaturalforcesandsocialenvironment.3)ThemostsignificantworkofnaturalisminEnglishisTheodoreDreiser’sSisterCarrie.4)ThefirstnaturalisticwriterinAmericaisStephenCrane(theredbadgeofcourage)5.Whatisthe“lostgeneration”?Whowerethemostimportantwritersofthelostgeneration?ThetermlostgenerationwascoinedbyGertrudeSteintorefertoagroupofAmericanliterarynotableswholivedinParisfromthetimeperiodwhichsawtheendofWWItothebeginningoftheGreatDepression.SignificantmembersincludedEarnestHemingway,F.ScottFitzgerald,EzraPound,ThomasStearnsEliot,andGertrudehimself.6.PuritanismincolonialAmericaPuritanism,inthe16thand17thcent.,amovementforreformintheChurchofEnglandthathadaprofoundinfluenceonthesocial,political,ethical,andtheologicalideasofEnglandandAmerica.1)Puritanismisastrictreligiousdoctrine.2)Puritanismalsohaspracticalaspects.Puritanshavetoworkhard,andpreparefortheobstaclestheywillmeetintheirlife.3)AmericanPuritanismcontainsoriginalsin,predestination,totaldepravity，limitedatonementofGod'sgrace.7.ThefoundingfathersofAmerica.GeorgeWashingtonThomasJeffersonBenjaminFranklin8.TranscendentalismAsamoralphilosophy,transcendentalismwasneitherlogicalnorsystematized.Itexaltedfeelingoverreason,individualexpressionovertherestraintsoflawandcustom.Theybelievedinthetranscendenceofthe“Oversoul”,anall-pervadingpowerforgoodnessfromwhichallthingscomeandofwhichallthingsareapart.Representatives:RalphWaldoEmersonHenryDavidThoreauandNathanielHawthorne9.Whatisthe“beatgeneration”anditswriter10.Imagism(意象主义)aliterarymovementlaunchedbyBritishandAmericanpoetsearlyinthe20thcenturythatadvocatedtheuseoffreeverse,commonspeechpatterns,andclearconcreteimagesasareactiontoVictoriansentimentalism.1。Contentshouldbepresenteddirectly,throughspecificimageswherepossible.2.Everywordshouldbefunctional,withnothingincludedthatwasnotessentialtotheeffectintended.3.Rhythmshouldbecomposedbythemusicalphraseratherthanthemetronome.Ezrapound:inastationofthemetro11.EarnestHemingway’shero（硬汉形象）manwithgraceunderpressurecodehero(准则英雄)