搜索
Hello,Everyone!谚语口译外语系：王晓梅InterpretingProverbs谚语作为一种以简单通俗的语言来表达深刻道理的语句,常为人们所引用。在国际交往中,人们喜欢引用本国或外国的谚语。“Whenthevisitorarrives,itisasifreturninghome．”美国前总统里根1984年4月访华时说的话（宾至如归）AChineseproverbbestdescribesmyfeeling:同年11月访华的挪威首相Willoch在欢迎宴席上说道:AlthoughIhavetriedtofollowthedevelopmentsinyourcountryfromafar,IamveryconsciousofthetruthoftheChineseproverb“Seeingisbelieving”.(眼见为实/百闻不如一见)许多谚语流传甚广,早为我们所熟知。例如Agoodbeginningishalfthebattle./Wellbegunishalfdone.一个良好的开端是成功的一半一个良好的开端是半场战斗世界各语种中有相当数量的谚语有着相似的语言形式和含意。而且,千百年来各国之间或多或少的文化交流,往往会使一个民族的谚语跨越地理疆界,广为流传于其他民族。久而久之,这些生命力强盛的外来谚语有的竟然反宾为主,成为汉语中最富活力的语句。Silenceisgolden.沉默是金Arollingstonegathersnomoss.滚石不生苔Allisnotgoldthatglitters.闪闪发光物,并非皆金子谚语的口译大致可分为三种类型•第一种:“形同意合”•第二种:“形似意合”•第三种:“形异意合”英语的Afallintothepit,againinyourwit与汉语中的“吃一堑,长一智”,其形其意都极为吻合。Factsspeaklouderthanwords.事实胜于雄辩Moneycan’tbuytime.寸金难买寸光阴形同意合Failureisthemotherofsuccess.失败乃成功之母Toteachistolearn.教学相长形同意合Likefather,likeson.有其父,必有其子Pridegoesbeforeafall.骄者必败形同意合Fishintroubledwaters.浑水摸鱼Businessisbusiness.公事公办形同意合Thestyleistheman.文如其人Morehaste,lessspeed.欲速则不达形同意合Misfortunesnevercomealone.祸不单行Hedgeshaveeyes,wallshaveears.隔篱有眼,隔墙有耳形同意合Beautyisintheeyeofthebeholder.情人眼中出西施Timeandtidewaitfornoman.时不我待/岁月无情形同意合Ayoungidler,anoldbeggar.少壮不努力,老大徒伤悲Amanshouldnotbitethehandthatfeedshim.不要恩将仇报形同意合Healthisbetterthanwealth.家有万贯财,不如一身健Outofoffice,outofdanger.无官一身轻形同意合Intimeofpeaceprepareforwar.居安思危Thetonguecutsthethroat.祸从口出/言多必失形同意合Outofsight,outofmind./Farfromeye,farfromheart.眼不见为净Allshallbewell,JackwillhaveJill.有情人终成眷属形同意合Friendsmustpart.聚散离合总有时/天下无不散之宴席Theremembranceofthepastistheteacherofthefuture.前事不忘,后事之师/前车之覆,后车之鉴形同意合英汉语言中有许多谚语虽然“形”有所不同,但表意却有惊人的相似之处,例如英语中的Loveme,lovemydog一语,汉语中也有“爱屋及乌”之说形似意合Killtwobirdswithonestone.一箭双雕/一石双鸟Speakofthedevil(andhewillappear).说到曹操，曹操到形似意合Anewbroomsweepsclean.新官上任三把火Beatthedogbeforethelion.杀鸡儆猴形似意合Teachfishtoswim.班门弄斧Awordspokenispastrecalling.一言既出,驷马难追形似意合Oncebitten,twiceshy.一朝被蛇咬,十年怕井绳Birdsofafeatherflocktogether.物以类聚,人以群分形似意合Letsleepingdogslie.勿打草惊蛇Inforapenny,inforapound.一不做,二不休形似意合Thereisnosmokewithoutfire.无风不起浪Putthecartbeforethehorse.本末倒置形似意合Finefeathersmakefindbirds.佛要金装,人要衣装Asamansows,soheshallreap.种瓜得瓜,种豆得豆形似意合Muchwillhavemore.得陇望蜀/得寸进尺Thesauceisbetterthanthefish.喧宾夺主形似意合Hecrieswineandsellsvinegar.挂羊头,卖狗肉Everypotterpraiseshispot.王婆卖瓜,自卖自夸形似意合Thepupiloutdoesthemaster.青出于蓝而胜于蓝.Thereareplentyoffishinthesea.天涯何处无芳草形似意合Diamondcutdiamond.强中更有强中手Hetakesaspeartokillafly.杀鸡用牛刀形似意合Giftsblindtheeyes.拿了手短,吃了嘴软Dogsbiteineverycountry.天下乌鸦一般黑形似意合Betteranopenenemythatafalsefriend.明枪易躲,暗箭难防Doonethingundercoverofanother.明修栈道,暗度陈仓形似意合Judgenotabookbyitscover.人不可貌相,海水不可斗量AllroadsleadtoRome./Allriversrunintothesea.殊途同归形似意合Peaceontheforeheadandwarinthemind.口蜜腹剑Astraightfootisnotafraidofacrookedshoe.身正不怕影子歪形似意合Thesameknifecutsbreadandfingers.水能载舟,亦能覆舟Asparrowcannotunderstandtheambitionofswan.燕雀安知鸿鹄之志形似意合Itisbettertobetheheadofadog/lizardthanthetailofalion.宁为鸡首,不为牛后形似意合Itisbettertodiethantolivewhenlifeisadisgrace./Betterdiewithhonorthatlivewithshame.宁可玉碎,不为瓦全.形似意合遇到第三类谚语时,常常会望“形”生“意”,造成误译.例如英语谚语Ahorsestumblesthathasfourlegs,若将其直译成“有四条腿的马也会失蹄”,这自然会给听者的理解带来困难,甚至会产生一些莫名其妙的感觉.形异意合对于这类谚语的翻译,应采取“形相远而意相近”的译法,即以完全不同的词语将其语句的寓意准确地传达出来..形异意合如果我们将上例Ahorsestumblesthathasfourlegs译成“人非圣贤,孰能无过”或“金无足赤,人无完人”,不失之为成功的处理方法,汉译后,其形虽变,然其意依存。形异意合Restbreedsrust.生命在于运动Namesaredebts.树大招风形异意合Nothingventure,nothinghave.不入虎穴,焉得虎子DoinRomeastheRomansdo.入乡随俗形异意合Thingsdonecannotbeundone.木已成舟/覆水难收Truebluewillneverstain.真金不怕火炼形异意合Aclearconscienceisasurecard.为人不做亏心事,半夜不怕鬼敲门Abadconscienceisasnakeinone’sheart.做贼心虚形异意合Justicehaslongarms.天网恢恢,疏而不漏Latefruitkeepswell.大器晚成形异意合Takethingsastheycome.既来之,则安之Ahedgebetweenkeepsfriendshipgreen.君子之交淡如水形异意合Everybody’sbusinessisnobody’sbusiness.三个和尚无水吃Themoonisnotseenwhenthesunshines.小巫见大巫形异意合Pennywiseandpoundfoolish.因小失大Heknowsmostwhospeaksleast./Stillwaterrunsdeep.大智若愚.形异意合Asyoumakethebed,soyoumustlieinit.自食其果Countone’schickensbeforetheyarehatched.盲目乐观形异意合Thepotcallsthekettleblack.五十步笑百步Shortpleasure,longlament.一失足成千古恨形异意合Dangerisnextneighbortosecurity.塞翁失马,安知非福Whatisdonebynightappearsbyday.若要人不知,除非己莫为形异意合Misfortunemightbeablessingindisguises.祸兮福所倚,福兮祸所伏Sticktogetherthroughthickandthin.有福同享,有祸同当/患难与共形异意合Saveyourbreathtocoolyourporridge.各人自扫门前雪,莫管他人瓦上霜Awatchedpotneverboils.心急吃不了热豆腐/有意栽花花不开，无心插柳柳成荫形异意合Aleopardcannotchangeitsspots./Youcannotmakeacrabwalkstraight.江山易改,本性难移Don’ttroubletroubleuntiltroubletroublesyou.顺其自然/随遇而安/车到山前必有路形异意合Accidentswillhappen./Everytidehasitsebb.天有不测风云,人有旦夕祸福EvenHomersometimesnods./Thebesthorsestumbles.智者千虑,必有一失形异意合Romewasnotbuiltinaday.冰冻三尺,非一日之寒Alittleleakwillsinkagreatship./Astitchintimesavesnine.小洞不补,大洞吃苦/亡羊补牢形异意合当然,掌握了以上三种谚语的翻译方法并不等于找到了一把可以翻译所有谚语的万能钥匙.有些谚语的翻译需要“转形解意”,而有些谚语的翻译宜“以不变应万变”,以保持其“原汁原味”。Oneswallowdoesnotmakeasummer.一燕不成夏Abirdinthehandisworthtwointhebush.双鸟在林,不如一鸟在手Abirdisknownbyitsnoteandamanbyhistalk.闻啼知鸟,闻言知人除了谚语之外,成语,习语,歇后语,诗句等语句的临场翻译也是比较棘手的问题.以上所述的有关谚语的口译方法有“举一反三”之意.一般说来,在充分理解有关词语所含寓意的情况下,可采用意译或半意译的方法,只需要将词语的意思传译过去即可.政府首脑、高级