1WangChengyou©ShandongUniversity,WeihaiSpecializedEnglish/专业英语——Unit1TheEvolutionofCommunicationTheories王成优博士、讲师wangchengyou@hotmail.comSpecializedEnglish2WangChengyou©ShandongUniversity,WeihaiSpecializedEnglish/专业英语一、专业英语简介专业英语(SpecializedEnglish),又称科技英语(EnglishforScienceandTechnology),它把英语和专业知识紧密结合起来,用专业语言来说明客观存在的事物或事实。第一部分专业英语基础知识3WangChengyou©ShandongUniversity,WeihaiSpecializedEnglish/专业英语1.专业英语的三大特性¾专业性:体现在它的特殊专业内容和特殊专业词汇上GPRS(GeneralPacketRadioService)通用分组无线业务AsynchronousTransferMode(ATM)异步转移模式脉冲编码调制PulseCodeModulation(PCM)circuit周围,巡回,绕行电路bus公共汽车总线,母线BitErrorRate误码率4WangChengyou©ShandongUniversity,WeihaiSpecializedEnglish/专业英语¾灵活性:体现在句子结构和词性的使用上。如英语中的动词有的表示动作,有的表示相对静止的状态。(1)TVdiffersfromradiointhatitsendsandreceivespictures.电视与无线电的区别在于电视能够发送和接收图像。(表示状态)(2)ThesetwoRFsignalsarearrangedtodifferbyaconstantfrequency.这两个射频信号用于找出一个固定频率。(表示动作)5WangChengyou©ShandongUniversity,WeihaiSpecializedEnglish/专业英语¾简明性:用尽可能少的单词来清晰地表达原意。过去分词短语可以取代被动语态关系从句,现在分词可以取代主动语态关系从句,如9InBritainelectricityenergygeneratedinpowerstationisfedtotheNationalGrid.不定式短语用以替换表示目的、功能的从句,如9Thefunctionofafuseistoprotectacircuit.NationalGrid全国输电网6WangChengyou©ShandongUniversity,WeihaiSpecializedEnglish/专业英语2.专业英语有如下显著特点:¾常使用动词或名词演化成的形容词¾合成新词多¾名词性词组多¾缩写使用频繁¾长句多¾在说明书、手册中广泛使用祈使语句¾用虚拟语气表达假设或建议¾常用It……句型结构¾被动语态使用频繁GSM,GPRS,CDMA,GPS,FTTH7WangChengyou©ShandongUniversity,WeihaiSpecializedEnglish/专业英语合成词:multimeter万用表,interface接口、界面code-decode→codeccodec编解码编解码coder-decoder→codec编解码器编解码器modulator-demolator→modem调制解调器调制解调器interactive-network→internet互联网、因特网互联网、因特网transmitter-receiver→transceiver收发器收发器8WangChengyou©ShandongUniversity,WeihaiSpecializedEnglish/专业英语1.词汇和句型:二、科技英语中的几个关键问题词汇是语言的基础,科技英语中的词汇可分为四类:普通词汇、专业词汇、专业缩写词汇和转意词汇。¾普通词汇(Commonvocabularies)这些词汇在科技英语中的意义和用法与在普通英语中基本是一致的。冠词、动词、副词、形容词、介词、数词、连接词、名词、代词(见教材P2)9WangChengyou©ShandongUniversity,WeihaiSpecializedEnglish/专业英语¾专业词汇(Specialityvocabularies)electron、amplifier、electromagneticwave、transceiver、frequency、parameter...在通信技术中常用的专业词汇¾专业缩写词汇(SpecialityAbbreviation)在通信技术中常用的专业缩写词汇USB—UniversalSerialBusSSB—SingleSideBandFM—FrequencyModulationDC.dc.—DirectCurrentAM—AmplitudeModulationAC.ac.—AlternatingCurrent10WangChengyou©ShandongUniversity,WeihaiSpecializedEnglish/专业英语PCM—PulseCodeModulationDSP—DigitalSignalProcessingLASER—LightAmplificationbyStimulatedEmissionofRadiationFig.—FigureDIP—DigitalImageProcessingTab.—TableITU—InternationalTelecommunicationsUnionIEEE—InstituteofElectricalandElectronicsEngineeringISO—InternationalStandardizationOrganization11WangChengyou©ShandongUniversity,WeihaiSpecializedEnglish/专业英语LAN—LocalAreaNetwork局域网MAN—MetropolitanAreaNetwork城域网WAN—WideAreaNetwork广域网HTTP—HypertextTransferProtocol超文本传输协议ISDN—IntegratedServicesDigitalNetwork综合业务数字网FFT—FastFourierTransform快速傅里叶变换—WorldWideWeb全球网、万维网DFT—DiscreteFourierTransform离散傅里叶变换12WangChengyou©ShandongUniversity,WeihaiSpecializedEnglish/专业英语¾转意词汇(Transferedwords)从普通词汇中借用、移植过来的,并赋予它们不同于普通应用时的专门含义。转意词普通含义专业含义current水流,气流,趋势,当前的电流resistance阻力,抵抗,敌对电阻carrier运载工具载波,载流子modulator调节者调制器flip-flop翻跟斗触发器13WangChengyou©ShandongUniversity,WeihaiSpecializedEnglish/专业英语resistance:电阻,电阻值resistor:电阻(器)parallel-serial:并行-串行parallel-series:并联-串联analog-digital:模拟的-数字的continuous-discrete:连续的-离散的有些单词的通用含义很接近,但它们的专业含义却完全不同,如:differential:微分difference:差分probability:概率possibility:可能性转意词汇还有:failure,relay,filter,spectrum,monitor,flip-flop等等capacitance:电容,电容值capacitor:电容(器)inductance:电感,电感值inductor:电感(器)14WangChengyou©ShandongUniversity,WeihaiSpecializedEnglish/专业英语Unit1:第二部分通信技术TheEvolutionofCommunicationTheories——通信理论的发展15WangChengyou©ShandongUniversity,WeihaiSpecializedEnglish/专业英语通信系统(Communicationsystem):噪声Noise信宿Destination发送设备Transmitter接收设备ReceiverSignal信源Informationsource信道ChannelSignal16WangChengyou©ShandongUniversity,WeihaiSpecializedEnglish/专业英语NewWords&Phrasespurportv.声称,意味着semioticsn.记号语言学sociometricn.社会测量socio-:社会的,社会学的proliferationn.繁殖,增殖proliferatev.theoremn.定理,法则predictabilityn.可预言predictv.monotonicallyadv.单调地,无变化地mono-:单一occurrencen.事件,发生semanticsn.语义学channeln.信道,频道aberrationn.失常,误差,偏差,畸变,色差;象差noisen.杂音,干扰,噪声17WangChengyou©ShandongUniversity,WeihaiSpecializedEnglish/专业英语premiumn.额外费用,奖金,佣金,保险费adj.特级的auctionn.拍卖recipientn.接收者,信息接受器fidelityn.保真度,精度moderatorn.缓和剂jargonn.行话recencyn.崭新18WangChengyou©ShandongUniversity,WeihaiSpecializedEnglish/专业英语FormanyyearscommunicationsinorganizationshavebeenFormanyyearscommunicationsinorganizationshavebeenexaminedexaminedintermsofintermsoftransmissiontransmissionandandefficiencyefficiencyinavarietyofinavarietyofways.HowevertheworkofShannonandWeaverwiththeirways.HowevertheworkofShannonandWeaverwiththeircommunicationtransmissionmodelprovidedabasisformuchofcommunicationtransmissionmodelprovidedabasisformuchofsubsequentsubsequentthinkinginthewaycommunicationswereanalyzed.thinkinginthewaycommunicationswereanalyzed.TextThemodel,however,hasbeenusedandcontinuestobeusedforThemodel,however,hasbeenusedandcontinuestobeusedforpurposespurposesforwhichitwasneverdesigned.forwhichitwasneverdesigned.多年以来,