——SpecializedEnglish通信工程专业英语Unit3:第二部分通信技术PulseCodeModulation——脉冲编码调制SpecializedEnglishforCommunicationEngineering1.词汇和句型:词汇是语言的基础,科技英语中的词汇可分为四类:普通词汇、专业词汇、专业缩写词汇和转意词汇。普通词汇:这些词汇在科技英语中的意义和用法与在普通英语中基本是一致的。冠词、动词、副词、介词、形容词、数词、连接词、名词、代词科技英语中的几个关键问题专业英语基础知识SpecializedEnglishforCommunicationEngineering专业词汇:在通信技术中常用的专业词汇electron、amplifier、electromagneticwave、transceiver、frequency、parameter...专业缩写词汇:在通信技术中常用的专业缩写词汇PCM—pulsecodemodulationSSB—singlesidebandLASER—lightamplificationbystimulatedemissionofradiationLAN—localareanetwork—worldwidewebFig.—FigureDSP—digitalsignalprocessingSpecializedEnglishforCommunicationEngineering转义词汇:从普通词汇中借用、移植过来的,并赋予它们不同于普通应用时的专门含义。专业英语基础知识转意词普通含义专业含义current水流,气流,趋势,当前的电流circuit周围,巡回,绕行电路carrier运载工具载波,载流子modulator调节者调制器flip-flop翻跟斗触发器SpecializedEnglishforCommunicationEngineeringNEWWORDSANDPHRASESPulseCodeModulation(PCM)脉冲编码调制regeneratev.还原,再生,更新,(使)恢复impairv.n削弱,损害,减少recognitionn.认出,辨别,判明beyondrecognition不能辨认,认不出来deteriorationn.变质,退化,变坏quantizationn.量化,分层equivalentadj相等的,等效的signal-to-quantization量化信噪比compandingn.压扩,展缩,压伸coefficientn.系数,折算率,程度implementationn.装置,仪器,履行,实现complementaryadj.余的,补的,补充,辅助SpecializedEnglishforCommunicationEngineeringNEWWORDSANDPHRASESthresholdn.槛,门限,定值analogue-to-digitalconverter模数转换器junctionn.接合,接续(线),中继线trunkn.干线,总线,中继(线),连接线路multiplexn.多路复用(传输,通信)recipientn.接受器,信息接收器synchronizationn.同步,同时,使时间一致time-slot时隙framen.帧SynchronousDigitalHierarchy(SDH)同步数字网incorporatev.(使)结合,包括,插(编)入SpecializedEnglishforCommunicationEngineeringNEWWORDSANDPHRASESmulti-frame复帧bipolaradj.两极的,双极(性)的,双向的consecutiveadj.连续的,顺序的,相邻的violationn.破坏,妨碍,犯法parityn.同等,类似,奇偶pseudo-ternary伪三进制码AlternateMarkInversion(AMI)交替反转码HighDensityBipolar高密度双极性码SpecializedEnglishforCommunicationEngineeringProvidedthesepulseswereregeneratedbeforetheybecomeimpairedbeyondrecognition,thenitwouldbepossible,inprinciple,totransmitthesignaloverinfinitelylongdistanceswithnodeterioration,excepttheapproximationinherentinconvertingananaloguesignalintoadigitalsignalandbackagain.inprinciple为插入语;exceptthe…backagain:介词短语作状语只要在脉冲变得无法识别之前重新再生它,那么,除了把模拟信号转换为数字信号及把数字信号转换为模拟信号时内在的近似过程,原则上信号可以无衰减的传输无限长的距离。TEXTSpecializedEnglishforCommunicationEngineeringThesamplingtheoremtellsusthatweneedtosamplethesignalatarateequivalenttoatleasttwicethehighestfrequencypresentinthesignalifwearetoreconstitutethesignalatthereceiverwithoutdistortion.thatweneed…withoutdistortion:宾语从句;ifwe…withoutdistortion:宾语从句中的条件状语从句。抽样定律告诉我们:如果想要在接收端无失真的重建信号,抽样频率需要至少是信号中最高频率的两倍。SpecializedEnglishforCommunicationEngineeringThenextquestionwehavetoanswerishowmanyquantizationlevelsdoweneedtoprovideinordertorepresentthesignalamplitudewithsufficientaccuracy?复杂句howmany…withsufficientaccuracy:表语从句,与“is”一起构成复合谓语。“do”提到“weneed”之前,加强语气,强调谓语动词“need”表示的动作。我们要回答的下一个问题是:为了有足够的精确度来代表信号幅度,我们需要提供多少量化级?SpecializedEnglishforCommunicationEngineeringInNorthAmericaandJapantheprimarylevelofmultiplexingconsistsof24speechsignalswithasinglebitofsynchronizinginformationforevery24×8bitframe,givingaframesizeof193bits.“theprimary…multiplexing”作主语;“consists”作谓语,“of24speechsignalswith…24×8bitframe”作状语;“giving…”是现在分词短语作伴随状语,其逻辑主语是句子的主语。在北美和日本,复用的一次群包括24个语音信号和为每24×8比特帧同步的一个比特,(故)帧的大小为193比特。SpecializedEnglishforCommunicationEngineeringWithmoderndigitalswitchingsystemsitispossibletomakemoreefficientuseofthesignalingchannelbyusingitsimplyasamessagetransmissionfacility,theformattingofthesignalinginformationbeingtheresponsibilityoftheexchangeequipment.“it”为形式主语,“tomakemore…facility”是真正的主语“thesignalingchannel”作宾语,“efficient”是“use’’的定语;theformatting…equipment:分词独立结构,作伴随状语.利用现代数字交换系统,把信令信道仅仅作为信息传输工具(设备)使其利用率更高是可能的,信令信息的初始化是交换设备的功能。SpecializedEnglishforCommunicationEngineeringToalleviatetheseproblems,linecodesareemployedwhichmodifythespectrumshapeandintroduceadditionaltransitionsintothelinesignal.To…problems:目的状语;whichmodify…signal:“which”引导的限制性定语从句,修饰“linecodes”(有句子成分分隔现象).为了解决这些问题,使用了能修改频谱形状的、引入额外信号形状转变的线路码。SpecializedEnglishforCommunicationEngineeringToavoidthisconfusion,anyviolationpulsewhichisofoppositepolaritytotheprecedingmarkpulse,whethergenuineoraviolation,isforcedintoviolationbytheinsertionofa“parity”pulsesubstitutedforthefirstzeroimmediatelyfollowingtheprecedingmark.Toavoid…confusion:目的状语;为了避免混淆,任何与前面的标记脉冲极性相反的冲突脉冲,无论其是真的或假的冲突脉冲,都会被强制为冲突(形式)。这种强制冲突是通过插入相同极性脉冲来替代紧跟在前面标记脉冲之后的第一个“0”来实现的。SpecializedEnglishforCommunicationEngineering4B3Thasfounditschiefapplicationtransmissionsystemsthathavebeenconvertedto30channelPCMfromtheearlier24channelsystem.that…system:“that”引导的定语从句,起先行词是systemsbeconvertedto(into)…:被转换为…;被转变成…PCM:pulse-code-modulation,脉冲编码调制4B3T码主要运用在一些传输系统中,这些传输系统可以把早期的24信道系统转换为30信道的PCM系统。SpecializedEnglishforCommunicationEngineering小结科技英语中的几个关键问题词汇和句型PulseCodeModulation