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part1.天文类1astronomy天文astronomy天文学astronomical天文的astronomicalobservatory天文台astronomer天文学家astrophysics天文物理学astrology占星学pseudoscience伪科学cosmos(universe)宇宙cosmology宇宙学infinite无限的cosmic宇宙的cosmicradiation宇宙辐射cosmicrays宇宙射线celestial天的celestialbody(heavenlybody)天体celestialmap(skyatlas)天体图celestialsphere天球dwarf(dwarfstar)矮星quasar类星体，类星射电源constellation星座galaxy(MilkyWay)新河系cluster星团solarsystem太阳系solarcorona日冕solareclipse日食solarradiation太阳辐射planet行星planetoid(asteroid)小行星revolve旋转，绕转twinkle闪烁nakedeye肉眼Mercury水星Venus金星Earth地球Mars火星Jupiter木星Saturn土星Uranus天王星Neptune海王星Pluto冥王星orbit轨道spin旋转satellite卫星lunar月球的meteor流星meteorshower流星雨meteoroid流星体meteorite陨石comet彗星space(outerspace)太空，外层空间spacecraft(spaceship)宇宙飞船spaceman(astronaut)宇航员，航天员spacesuit宇航服，航天服spaceshuttle航天飞机spacetelescope空间望远镜astronaut宇航员star恒星stellar恒星的intergalactic星系间的interstellar恒星间的interplanetary行星间的asteroid小行星nebula星云spacedebris太空垃圾ammonia氨corona日冕chromosphere色球photosphere色球层convectionzone对流层vacuum真空infraredray红外线chondrite球粒absolutemagnitude绝对量级radiation辐射emission发射，散发high-resolution高清晰度interferometer干扰仪2geography地理geography地理geographer地理学家hemisphere半球meridian子午线，经线parallel平行圈，纬线latitude经度longitude精度elevation海拔altitude高度temperatelatitudes温带地区horizon地平线equator赤道tropics热带地区Arctic北极Antarctic(Antarctica)南极expedition探险timezone时区topography地形，地形学plain平原plateau(highland)高地lowland低地basin盆地cavern(cave)洞穴terrain地域subterranean(underground)地底下coastland沿海地区island岛屿continentalisland大陆岛volcanicisland火山岛coralisland珊瑚岛islet小岛peninsular半岛continent大陆continentalshelf大陆架ranges山脉valley峡谷canyon峡谷channel(strait)海峡remote-sensing遥感的terrestrial地球的，陆地的terrestrialheat(geothermal)地热terrestrialmagnetism(geomagnetism)地磁continentaldrift大陆漂移学说sea-floorspreading海床扩展evaporation蒸发salinity含盐度oceanbottom海床sediment沉淀物，沉积物tropical热带的temperate温带的frigid寒带的formation形成frostheaving冻胀现象fieldstone卵石3geology地质学geologist地质学家crust地壳mantle地幔core地核continentalcrust大陆地壳oceaniccrust海洋地壳layer(stratum,复数strata)地层plate板块fault断层faultplane断层面faultzone断层带rift(crack;split)断裂disintegration(decomposition)分解erosion腐蚀fossil化石igneousrock火成岩sedimentaryrock沉积岩metamorphicrock变质岩quartz石英limestone石灰岩marble大理石granite花岗岩lithogenous岩成的lithosphere岩石圈magma岩浆mineral矿物ore矿石deposit矿床platinum白金，铂silver银copper黄铜aluminum铝tin锡lead铅zinc锌nickel镍mercury汞，水银sodium钠gem宝石diamond钻石emerald绿宝石ruby红宝石glacier冰川glacial冰川的glacialepoch(age,period)冰川期glacialdrift冰渍iceberg冰山volcano火山activevolcano活火山extinctvolcano死火山dormantvolcano休眠火山eruption火山喷发crater火山口lava火山岩浆volcanic火山的volcanicdust火山尘volcanicash火山灰earthquake(quake;tremor;seism)地震seismic地震的seismology地震学magnitude震级seismicwave地震波cataclysm灾变4anthropologist人类学家paleoanthropologist古人类学家ecologicalanthropologist生态人类学家psychologicalanthropologist心理人类学家origin起源originate起源于ancestor祖先hominid人（科）homogeneous同一种族（种类）的tribe部落clan氏族archeologist考古学家excavation挖掘excavate(unearth)挖掘ruins遗迹，废墟remains遗迹，遗骸artifact手工艺品relic遗物，文物antique古物，古董antiquity古代，古老StoneAge石器时代BronzeAge（青）铜器时代IronAge铁器时代Paleolithic旧石器时代的Mesolithic中石器时代的Neolithic新石器时代的archaeology考古学anthropology人类学morphology形态学skull颅骨cranial颅骨的5ecology生态学ecologist生态学家ecosystem生态系统balance(ofnature)自然界生态平衡fauna动物群flora植物群rainforest雨林foodchain食物链acidrain酸雨greenhouseeffect温室效应infraredradiation红外线辐射ozonelayer(ozonosphere)臭氧层ultravioletradiation紫外辐射pollution污染pollutioncontrol污染控制airpollution空气污染waterpollution水污染noisepollution噪音污染soilpollution土壤污染pollution-free无污染pollutant污染物noxious(toxic)有毒的fumes（有毒）废气waste废物solidwaste固体垃圾sewage(wastewater)污水sewagepurification污水净化sewagedisposal污水处理decibel（噪音）分贝6meteorology气象meteorology气象meteorologist气象学家forecast(predict)预报climate气候atmosphere大气层troposphere对流层current（气）流vapor蒸汽evaporate蒸发damp(wet;moist;humid)潮湿的humidity湿度moisture潮湿；水分saturate饱和dew露frost霜fog(mist)雾smog烟雾droplet小水珠condense浓缩crystal水晶体downpour(torrentialrain)大雨tempest(storm)暴风雨drizzle细雨shower阵雨hail冰雹blizzard(snowstorm)暴风雪avalanche(snowslide)雪崩precipitation（雨、露、雪等）降水breeze微风gale大风whirlwind旋风typhoon台风hurricane飓风tornado(twister,cyclone)龙卷风funnel漏斗，漏斗云disaster(calamity,catastrophe)灾难devastation破坏submerge淹没drought旱灾7chemistry化学chemicalproperty化学特性，化学性质chemicalcomposition(makeup)化学成分chemicalagent化学试剂chemicalreaction化学反应chemicalchange化学变化chemicalbond化学键chemicalapparatus化学器械substance(matter;material)物质element元素periodictable周期表hydrogen氢oxygen氧nitrogen氮helium氦carbon碳calcium钙silicon硅sulfur硫iodine碘compound化合物hydrocarbon碳氢化合物derivative衍生物alchemy炼金术petroleum(oil)石油petroleumproducts石油产品crudeoil原油refine提炼，精炼gasoline汽油methane甲烷solution溶液dissolve溶解solvent溶剂solubility可溶性cohesive聚合力adhesive粘合力atom原子nucleus原子核electron电子neutron中子proton质子molecule分子particle粒子ion离子particleaccelerator粒子加速器catalysis（复数catalyses）催化作用catalyst催化剂artificial人造的synthetic合成的syntheticfiber人造纤维polymer聚合物polymerization聚合作用plastic塑料dye染料cosmetics化妆品8．physics物理physics物理mechanics力学thermodynamics热力学acoustics声学electromagnetism电磁学optics光学dynamics动力学force力velocity速度acceleration加速度equilibrium平衡statics静力学motion运动inertia惯性gravitation引力relativity相对gravity地心引力vibration震动medium(media)媒质frequency频率wavelength波长pitch音高intensity强度echo回声resonance回声，洪亮sonar声纳ultr