低电压穿越(LVRT)要求及测试

ForschungsgemeinschaftfürElektrischeAnlagenundStromwirtschafte.V.Low-VoltageRideThrough(LVRT)RequirementsandTesting低电压穿越（LVRT）要求及测试Dr.-Ing.Karl-HeinzWeck1LVRTWorkshopBeijing06./07.January2009Weck:LVRTrequirementsandtestingWindpowerinGermany德国风力发电ƒState30thJune2007ƒ2007年6月30日状况ƒInstalled:21,3GWƒ装机容量:21.3GWƒNumber:18.700WEAƒ台数：18700台ƒGenerated:37,5TWhƒ发电量：37.5TWhƒEnergyShare:6,9%ƒ能源比例：6.9%2LVRTWorkshopBeijing06./07.January2009Weck:LVRTrequirementsandtestingOnland陆上Onsea海上WindpowerinGermany德国风力发电Prognosisfor20202020年目标3LVRTWorkshopBeijing06./07.January2009Weck:LVRTrequirementsandtestingHistoryofGridCodesinGermanyupto2007德国并网导则发展历程(至2007年)GridCodesDistributionSystems并网导则配电网部分05000100001500020000250001990199219941996199820002002200420062008YearInstalledPowerinMW123454LVRTWorkshopBeijing06./07.January2009Weck:LVRTrequirementsandtestingYear年份InstalledPower装机容量Total总计GWInstalledPower装机容量Windenergy风能GW20001236(4,9%)200712522(17,6%)InstalledPowerinGermany德国装机容量5LVRTWorkshopBeijing06./07.January2009Weck:LVRTrequirementsandtestingPowergenerationofWindTurbines-State20012001年风电状况ƒWindpowershare5%ƒ风电比例5%ƒConnectiontodistributionsystemƒ接入配电网ƒLoad-flowintransmissionandsub-transmissionnotinfluenced.ƒ输电网及次输电网的潮流不受影响ƒWindpowernotnecessaryforpowersupplyreliabilityƒ供电可靠性对风电没有要求ƒAdditivepowerregnerationƒ附加电源改造GGIndustry工业SmallIndustry小工业Transmission输电网UCTE400kVSubtransmission次输电网110/132kVDistribution配电网Households居民区Low-voltage低压400VSkv≈10MVASkv≈200MVASkv≈1500MVASkv≈10000MVAWT6LVRTWorkshopBeijing06./07.January2009Weck:LVRTrequirementsandtestingƒGridCodesexclusivelyforprivatepowergenerationƒ并网导则仅适用于私有发电ƒCodesnotapplicabletogenerationofpublicpowersupplycompaniesƒ导则不适用于公共供电公司ƒFirstfederallawsforrenewableenergygeneration(EEG)andcombinedheat-electricitygeneration(BHKW)publishedbytheFederalGovernmentofGermanyƒ由德国联邦政府颁布的第一部关于可再生能源发电(EEG)和热电联产(BHKW)的联邦法律ƒFixedbalanceforpowergenerationusingrenewableenergyresourcesWind,Water,BiomassandBiogas,Photovoltaicƒ可再生能源发电如风电、水电、生物质能和沼气、光伏采用固定上网电价ƒPriviledgedgridconnectionofpowerplants发电厂优先接入电网ƒMainconcernofpublicpowersupplycompanies:ƒ公共供电公司关心的主要问题：ƒVoltagequalitydisturbances电压质量扰动ƒPerformanceofprivategenerationplantduringpowersystemdisturbancesduetofaultsƒ故障造成电力系统扰动期间私营发电厂的特性ƒGridCodes1to4concentratedonthese2subjects并网导则1至4主要集中在这两个方面PowergenerationofWindTurbines-State20012001年风电状况GridCodes1to4forDistributionSystems配电网并网导则1至47LVRTWorkshopBeijing06./07.January2009Weck:LVRTrequirementsandtestingƒWindturbinetechniquesupto2001至2001年的风电机组技术ƒDirectlycoupledasynchronousgenerators直接接入电网的异步发电机ƒDouble-fedasynchronousgenerators双馈异步发电机ƒFull-powerfrequencyconverters全功率变频器ƒShort-circuitcurrentssmallandofshortdurationƒ短路电流小且持续时间短ƒUsualprotectionbyovercurrentrelaysnoteffectiveƒ常规的过流保护不起作用ƒProtectionduringfaultsbyvoltageandfrequencyvariationƒ故障期间根据电压和频率变化进行保护ƒBasicrequirementinGridCodesfastdisconnectionatsystemfaultsƒ并网导则关于系统故障时快速脱网基本要求ƒLow-voltageprotection低压保护:0,8UnƒHigh-voltageprotection高压保护:1,06UnƒLow-frequencyprotection低频保护:49HzƒHigh-frequencyprotection高频保护:51HzƒFastdisconnectionpriortoreclosingafterfaultsrequiredƒ要求风电机组在故障后重合闸之前快速切除GridCodes1to4forDistributionSystems配电系统并网导则1至4Performanceduringsystemfaults系统故障期间特性8LVRTWorkshopBeijing06./07.January2009Weck:LVRTrequirementsandtestingHistoryofGridCodesinGermanysince20032003年后德国并网导则发展历程GridCodesDistributionSystems并网导则配电网部分05000100001500020000250001990199219941996199820002002200420062008YearInstalledPowerinMW12345GridCodesTransmissionSystems并网导则输电网部分12349LVRTWorkshopBeijing06./07.January2009Weck:LVRTrequirementsandtestingƒWindpowershareincreasedabove10%ƒ风力发电比例增长超过10%ƒLocallyabove20%ƒ个别地区超过20%ƒWTconnectiontosub-transmissionandtransmissionfrequentƒ风电机组常接入次输电网及输电网ƒVoltageandload-flowintransmissionandsubtransmissioninfluencedƒ输电网和次输电网的电压和潮流受到影响ƒLargescaledisconnectionofWTfromthesystematsystemfaultsleadstoƒ系统故障时大规模风电从系统解列导致ƒSuddenlargescalelossofpowergenerationƒ系统在瞬间损失大量电源Subtransmission次输电网110/132kVSkv≈10000MVAGGIndustry工业SmallIndustry小工业Transmission输电网UCTE400kVDistribution配电网Households居民区Low-voltage低压400VWTWTWTPowergenerationofWindTurbinessince20032003年后风电状况10LVRTWorkshopBeijing06./07.January2009Weck:LVRTrequirementsandtestingRed红色:500kVTransmission输电网Brown棕色:330kVÜbertragungPowergenerationofWindTurbinessince20032003年后风电状况TheEuropeanUCTEinterconnected400kVsystem欧洲电力传输协调联盟UCTE互联的400kV系统11LVRTWorkshopBeijing06./07.January2009Weck:LVRTrequirementsandtestingUCTE:Co-operationofEuropeantransmissionsystemoperatorsUCTE:欧洲电力传输协调联盟Transmissionsystems(400kV)directlyconnected输电系统(400kV)直接相连Permissiblesimultaneousdisconnectionofgeneration3.000MWtoavoidPowerflowoscilations为避免潮流振荡，允许同时切除3000MW的发电容量InstalledpowerinGW2004Connectiontotheremoteends2004年装机容量GWoftheUCTEsystem接入UCTE系统远端841438PowergenerationofWindTurbinessince20032003年后风电状况TheEuropeanUCTEinterconnected400kVsystem欧洲电力传输协调联盟UCTE互联的400kV系统12LVRTWorkshopBeijing06./07.January2009Weck:LVRTrequirementsandtestingQuelle:U.Radtke,FGH-Seminar„PowerQuality“100kmScenario情行:2001Short-circuitatDollern,E.ONE.ON电网内Dollern处短路Voltagereduction