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一．词汇、短语1.takeoff1)（飞机）起飞Becauseoftheheavyfog,theplanecouldn’ttakeoffontime.2)脱掉Ifthispairofshoesisnotcomfortable,Isuggestyoutakeoffimmediately.2.expertn./adj.n.beanexpertat/on/in在...方面是行家Markisnotonlyourheadmaster,butalsoanexpertineducation.adj.beexpertin/atdoing在（做）...方面在行MyfriendTomisexpertin/atfindingusefulinformation.练Itissaidthattheoldmanisexpert_____repairingallkindsofcars.(in/at)Some_____(expert)thinkthatlanguagelearningismucheasierforchildrenastheirtongues.(-s)3.shoot-shot-shotvt./vi.shootat向...射击（强调过程，不一定射中）Heshotatthebirdwithhisgunbuthedidn’tshootit.Shoot...inthe...射中...某个部位Hewasshotintheback.练Theywereshooting___atarget.(at)Amanwasshot____theleg,lyingontheground.(in)4.getoff下（车，船）Youmustn'tgetoffuntilthebushasstopped.5.morethan1)morethan+数词“超过，多于”Judgingfromhisappearance,theexpertismorethan60.2)morethan强调作用，“十分，非常，简直，不仅仅”Thelittlegirlismorethanshyandnervous,butjustfrightened.Beingagoodlistenermeansmuchmorethanjustlisteningwithears.Thestoreismorethanhappytodelivergoodstoyourhome.3)morethan...can...more...than...can...+can/could从句表否定HowhemanagestolivesismorethanIcantell.4)morethanone+单数n不止一个（谓语动词用单数形式）Morethanonepersonhasseenit.练ThebeautyoftheWestLakeis_________________________(我简直难以描述).(morethanIcandescribe)___________________(不止一个学生)inourschoolwasadmittedtoBeijingUniversitythisyear.--Doyouneedanyhelp,Lucy?(Morethanonestudent)--Yes,thejobis__________Icoulddomyself.(morethan)6.spendspendtime/moneyonsthspendtime/money(in)doingsthMoremoneyshouldbespentonhealthcareandeducation.Ihatetospendtimeormoneyplayingcomputergames.spend人+spend+时/钱+(in)doingonsthShespent$100buyinganewskirt.pay人+pay+钱+forsthShepaid$100foranewskirt.cost物+cost+sb+钱Thenewskirtcosther$100.takeIttakessb+时+todosthIttookher3hourstorepairherbike.练Thegirloften_______moneyonbuyingbookswhichshelikesverymuch.LastSundayit_____Her10minutestogothebookstoretobuyherfavoritebook.Whenshewasgoingto____forthebook,thesalesmantoldheritonly_____halfofthepricebecauseofthebrokencover.(spends,took,pay,cost)Accordingtoasurvey,childrenspentupto25hoursaweek______(watch)TV.(watching)7.abandonabandondoingsthabandononeselfto=beabandonedto沉溺于，放纵Wewereforcedtoabandondoingtheresearch.Don’tabandonyourselftopleasures.abandonedadj.被丢弃的，被遗弃的Walkingaloneintheforest,hefeltabandonedbytheworld.练Surprisingly,heabandoned______(study)Chineseliteratureatcollege.(-ing)They____________(放纵于)drinkingalthoughtheyaredivers,whichisdangerousbothtothemandthepassengers.(abandonthemselvesto=areabandonedto)8.supplyv.n.1)n.储备，供应Thenation’sfuelsupplieswillnotlastforever.2)v.供应，供给Theywerearrestedforsupplyingdrugs.Thegovernmentdecidedtosupplythehomelesswithhouses.练Astheworld’spopulationcontinuestogrow,the_s____offoodbecomesmoreandmoreofaconcern.(supply)9.referto1)指的是Whichofthemcanrefertopastorpresentactions?2)提到，谈到I’llrefertothisquestionatthemeeting.3)涉及到，关于ThesebooksrefertoAsianproblems.4)参考，查阅Whenreading,thefirstthingtoavoidistorefertoadictionarytoooften.练Whathe________inhisarticlewasunknowntogeneralreaders.(referredto涉及)Thepresidentspokeatthemeetingfornearlyanhourwithout_____hisnotes.（referringto参考）10.trainn.V.V.教育，训练，培训trainsbtodosth训练某人做某事Theyaretrainedregularlytoobservedisciplineatanytime.练Ihaven’thadanyrealtraining.二．语法1.（非谓语）过去分词做定语(ved做定语)-ing主动，进行起形容词（做定语）和副词（做状语）的作用-ed被动，完成1)及物动词过去分词做定语--被动、完成smokedfishmovedstudentsrespectedleader注:某些表人情绪的使令动词的过去分词往往已经称为一个形容词surprisedpeoplefrightenedchildrenexcitedstudentstired2)不及物动词过去分词做定语--（无被动）完成afallentreeanescapedprisonerreturnedstudents3)过去分词可构成合成词做定语hand-madegoodswidely-usedlanguagehighly-developedindustryhalf-finishedproducts4)过去分词或其短语做定语，相当于定语从句importedmachines=machinesthathavebeenimporteddevelopedcountries=countriesthathavedevelopedThatissomethingunheardof(=thatwasunheardof)inhistory.练Amyisattendedthroughoutherschooldaysbyanurse_______toguardher.(B)A.toappointB.appointingC.appointedD.havingappointedYoucannotacceptanopinion______toyouunlessitisbasedonfacts.(D)A.offeringB.toofferC.havingofferedD.offered2.一般过去时1）过去发生的动作或状态。常见时间状语：recently,yesterday,duringtheday,lastsummer,...ago,formanyyears等RecentlyIhadmyfirstrideonalong-distancetrain.另：过去一段时间反复经常发生的动作，可与频率副词always,usually,often等连用WhenIlivedinShanghai,Ioftentookawalkinthestreet.另：某些动作发生时间不明确，但实际是过去发生。Ididn’tknowyouwereinParis.(说话时我已经知道你在巴黎了，指的是说话之前的状态)2）want,hope,think,intend等动词的一般过去时往往表示“过去原...”Ithoughthewasanhonestman.我原以为他是个老实人。Hedidn’tintendtohurtyou.__________________(我没打算伤害你)