1高考英语语法--强调句(含高考语法填空和短文改错考点透析)【高考考点透析】高考语法填空主要让学生填空,所填的内容是强调句结构“Itis(was)+被强调的部分+that(who/whom)+句子的其它成分”中的It或that(who/whom)部分;高考短文改错主要考查强调句结构中的It和that(who/whom)部分的误用。一.语法填空【高考真题展示】Butlikesomanyotherthings,itisonlytoomuchstress______doesyouharm.(2016上海)答案及解析:that考查强调句型。句意:但是和别的许多事情一样,仅仅是太多的压力对你造成伤害。本句强调的是句子主语onlytoomuchstress。【高考题预测】______wasonalonelyislandthathewassavedonemonthaftertheboatwentdown?答案及解析:It考查强调句型。句意:小船沉没一个月后他是在一个孤岛上被营救的?该句是强调句,被强调部分为onalonelyisland,应填It。二.短文改错【高考题预测】1.ItwasinNewZealandwhereElizabethfirstmetMr.Smith.2.ItwasonJanuary1stwhichIpaidavisittomyfriendTom.3.Itwasnotuntilmidnightwhenhisfathercameback.答案及解析:1.where-that句意:正是在新西兰伊丽莎白第一次见到史密斯先生。此处是Itwas…that…强调句式,句中强调了地点状语inNewZealand。2.which-that此处是Itwas…that…强调句式,句中强调了时间状语onJanuary1st。3.when-that此处是Itwas…that…强调句式,被强调部分为notuntilmidnight。【用法讲解】强调句是一种修辞,是人们为了表达自己的意愿或情感而使用的一种形式。通过各种方式对句子中的某个部分进行强调,从而起到修辞的作用。英语中常用的强调句结构为:“Itis(was)+被强调的部分+that(who/whom)+句子的其它成分”,这种强调句除了不能强调谓语动词外,其它句子成分,如主语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语等都可以强调。一.强调句的基本用法:Imetanoldfriendinthestreetyesterday.昨天我在街上遇到了一位老朋友。1.强调主语ItwasIthat/whometanoldfriendinthestreetyesterday.昨天是我在街上遇到了一位老朋友。2.强调宾语Itwasanoldfriendthat/who/whomImetinthestreetyesterday.昨天我在街上遇到的是一位老朋友。3.强调地点状语ItwasinthestreetthatImetanoldfriendyesterday.昨天我是在街上遇到了一位老朋友。4.强调时间状语ItwasyesterdaythatImetanoldfriendinthestreet.是昨天我在街上遇到了一位老朋友。注意:强调谓语动词的方法:如果强调谓语动词,要“do/does/did+动词原形”。但谓语动词必须是实义动词,且只能是一般现在时或一般过去时,只对肯定的谓语动词进行Ididmeetanoldfriendinthestreetyesterday.昨天我的确在街上遇到了一位老朋友。Hedoeslikesinging.他确实喜欢唱歌。Dobecarefulnexttime,please.2强调,译为“的确,确实”。另外,do还可用来强调祈使句,译为“务必,一定”。下次一定要小心。Dowritetomewhenyougetthere.你到那儿后务必给我来信。二.使用强调句注意的几个方面:1.当被强调部分为表示“人”的名词时,可用that或who;其他情况下则只能用that。(注:强调句型中的引导词不可用where,when等。)ItwasKatethat/whotoldmeaboutit.是凯特告诉那件事的。(强调主语)ItwasTomthat/who/whomwemetattheschoolgate.我们在门口遇到的是汤姆。(强调宾语)ItwasintheparkthatTomlosthiswatch.是在公园里汤姆丢了他的手表。(强调地点状语)2.强调句型的一般疑问句只需把is/was提前,即:Is/Wasit…that…?否定句在is/was后加not,即:Itis/wasnot…that…Wasitin1939thattheSecondWorldWarbrokeout?第二次世界大战是在1939年爆发的吗?ItwasnotJohnthat/whocleanedtheroom.不是约翰打扫的房间。3.强调句的特殊疑问句只需在一般疑问句前加上疑问词,即:特殊疑问词+is(was)itthat…?(注:强调句型用于名词性从句时,要用陈述语序。)Whowasitthatbrokethewindow?打破窗户的是谁?Whatisitthatyouwantmetodo?你想要我干什么?Idon’tknowwhatitisthatyouwantmetodo.我不知道你要我干什么。4.not…until句型的强调句。其强调句式为:Itis/wasnotuntil…that…。(注:notuntil的强调句和倒装句的区别。)Itwasnotuntilteno’clockthathewenttobed.(强调句)Notuntilteno’clockdidhegotobed.(倒装句)直到10点他才去睡觉。ItwasnotuntilwehadstayedtogetherforacoupleofweeksthatIfoundwehadalotincommon.(强调句)NotuntilwehadstayedtogetherforacoupleofweeksdidIfindwehadalotincommon.(倒装句)直到我们一起呆了几个星期我才发现我们有许多共同之处。5.强调句型和定语从句、状语从句的区别:判断是否是强调句型,可把Itis/was…that去掉,把被强调的部分还原到句子中去,无论在语法上还是在意义上都仍然是完整的句子,就是强调句型,否则不是。比较:Itisinthefactorythatheworkedfortwentyyears.是在这个工厂里他工作了20年。(强调句)Itisthefactorywhereheworkedfortwentyyears.这就是他工作了20年的那个工厂。(定语从句)Itwasatteno’clockthathecameback.是在十点钟他回来了。(强调句)Itwasteno’clockwhenhecameback.他回来时,时间是十点钟。(时间状语从句)ItwastwoyearsagothatIbegantolearnEnglish.是两年前我开始学英语的。(强调句)ItistwoyearssinceIbegantolearnEnglish.我学英语已两年了。(时间状语从句)6.强调句型中的主谓一致:被强调的是原句的主语时,要注意that/who后的谓语动词与原句主语保持一致。ItisIthatamintrouble.是我陷入了困境。Itisyouthatarewrong.是你错了。3强调句高考真题1.ItwaswhenIgotbacktomyapartment______Ifirstcameacrossmynewneighbors.(2017·天津)A.whoB.whereC.whichD.that2.Youarewaitingatawrongplace.Itisatthehotel____thecoachpicksuptourists.(2016·天津)A.whoB.whichC.whereD.that3.Itwaswhenwewerereturninghome_______Irealizedwhatagoodfeelingitwastohavehelpedsomeoneintrouble.(2015湖南)A.whichB.thatC.whereD.how4.Bachdiedin1750,butitwasnotuntiltheearly19thcentury____hismusicalgiftwasfullyrecognized.(2015重庆)A.whileB.thoughC.thatD.after5.Itwastheculture,ratherthanthelanguage,______madeithardforhimtoadapttothenewenvironmentabroad(2014福建)A.whereB.whyC.thatD.what6.It’snotdoingthethingswelike,butlikingthethingswehavetodo______makeslifehappy.(2014湖南)A.thatB.whichC.whatD.who7.WasitbecauseJackcamelateforschool______Mr.Smithgotangry?(2014四川)A.whyB.whoC.whereD.that8.Itwasonlyafterhehadreadthepapers______Mr.Grossrealizedthetaskbeforehimwasextremelydifficulttocomplete.(2013全国)A.whenB.thatC.whichD.what9.Itwasnotuntilneartheendoftheletter______shementionedherownplan.(2013天津)A.thatB.whereC.whyD.when10.Itwaswiththehelpofthelocalguide______themountainclimberwasrescued.(2013重庆)A.whoB.thatC.whenD.how11.ItwasnotuntilIcamehere______Irealizedthisplacewasfamousfornotonlyitsbeautybutalsoitsweather.(2012湖南)A.whoB.thatC.whereD.before12.Itwas80yearsbeforeChristopherColumbuscrossedtheAtlantic______ZhengsailedtoEastAfrica.(2012重庆)A.whenB.thatC.afterD.since13.ItwasnotuntilIcamehere_____Irealizedthisplacewasfamousfornotonlyitsbeautybutalsoitsweather.(2012湖南)A.whoB.thatC.whereD.before14.(2011四川)Wasitonalonelyisland______hewassavedonemonthaftertheboatwentdown?A.whereB.thatC.whichD.what15.(2011陕西)Itisnothowmuchwedobuthowmuchloveweputintowhatwedo_____benefitsourworkmost.A.whoB.whichC.thatD.what416.(2011重庆)—HaveyouseenthefilmUndertheHawthornTree?—Ofcourse,Ihave.Itwasinourvillage_______itwasmade.A.thatB.whereC.whenD.which17.(2011湖南)It’snotwhatwedoonc