3-2国际贸易术语

第二节国际贸易术语INTERNATIONALTRADETERMS一、概述1、INCOTERMS只限于销售合同当事人权利义务中的一部分内容，不能涵盖全部；只涉及“有形”货物买卖问题而不涉及“无形”货物；2、INCOTERMS具有任意性；3、INCOTERMS中买卖双方的权利义务是以对应方式呈现的。Theglobaleconomyhasgivenbusinessbroaderaccessthaneverbeforetomarketsalloverthewold.Goodsaresoldinmorecountries,inlargequantities,andingreatervariety.Butasthevolumeandcomplexityofglobalsalesincrease,sodopossibilitiesformisunderstandingsandcostlydisputeswhensalecontractsarenotadequatelydrafted.TheIncotermsrules,theICCrulesontheuseofdomesticandinternationaltradetermsfacilitatetheconductofglobaltrade.ReferencetoanIncoterms2010ruleinasalecontractclearlydefinestheparties’respectiveobligationsandreducestheriskoflegalcomplications.SincethecreationoftheIncotermsrulesbyICCin1936,thisgloballyacceptedcontractualstandardhasbeenregularlyupdatedtokeeppacewiththedevelopmentofinternationaltrade.TheIncotermsrulesexplainasetofthree-lettertradetermsreflectingbusiness-to-businesspracticeincontractsforthesaleofgoods.TheIncotermsrulesdescribemainlythetasks,costsandrisksinvolvedinthedeliveryofgoodsfromsellerstobuyers.AsintheIncotermsrules,theseller’sandbuyer’sobligationsarepresentedinmirrorfashion,reflectingundercolumnAtheseller’sobligationsandundercolumnBthebuyer’sobligations.Theseobligationscanbecarriedoutpersonallybythesellerorthebuyerorsometimes,subjecttotermsinthecontractortheapplicablelaw,throughintermediariessuchascarriers,freightforwardersorotherpersonsnominatedbythesellerorthebuyerforaspecificpurpose.4、对INCOTERMS2000做简要介绍INCOTERMS2000共13个术语，分为E、F、C、D四组，排列顺序呈现出买方义务越来越小、卖方义务越来越大的特点。INCOTERMS2010的主要变化：（1）术语分类进行了调整（2）数量由原来的13种变为11种（3）E、F、C组贸易术语从内容看与2000相比变化不大术语术语全称术语译名交货地点运输方式运输保险风险转移合同性质E组（启运术语）EXWEXworks工厂交货卖方所在地多种买方买方交货时产地交货合同F组（主要运费未付术语）FCAFreeCarrier货交承运人出口国内地、港口多种买方买方交货时装运合同FASFreeAlongsideShip船边交货装运港船边海运、内河运输买方买方交货时FOBFreeonBoard船上交货装运港海运、内河运输买方买方货物越过船舷术语术语全称术语译名交货地点运输方式运输保险风险转移合同性质C组（主要运费已付）CIFCost，InsuranceandFreight成本，保险费加运费装运港海运、内河运输卖方卖方货物越过船舷装运合同CFRCostandFreight成本加运费装运港海运、内河运输卖方买方货物越过船舷CPTCarriagePaidTo运费付至出口国内地、港口各种卖方买方交货时CIPCarriageandInsurancePaidTo运费付、保险费至出口国内地、港口各种卖方卖方交货时术语术语全称术语译名交货地点运输方式运输保险风险转移合同性质D组（到达术语）DAFDeliveredatFrontier边境交货两国过境指定地点陆上运输卖方卖方交货时到货合同DESDeliveredEXShip目的港船上交货目的港口海运、内河运输卖方卖方交货时DEQDeliveredEXQuay目的港码头交货目的港口海运、内河运输卖方卖方交货时DDUDeliveredDutyUnpaid未完税交货进口国内各种卖方卖方交货时DDPDeliveredDutypaid完税交货进口国内各种卖方卖方交货时术语分类Incoterms2000Incoterms2010E组EXW，工厂交货EXWF组FCAFASFOBFCAFASFOBC组CFRCIFCPTCIPCFRCIFCPTCIPD组DAFDESDEQDDUDDPDATDAPDDP二、如何使用INCOTERMS20101、在买卖合同中写入国际贸易术语解释通则2010的术语2、选择合适的国际贸易术语。3、尽可能对地点和港口做出详细说明。4、切忌国际贸易术语并没有给你一个完整的买卖合同二、HowtousetheIncoterms2010rules1.IncorporatetheIncoterms2010rulesintoyourcontractofsaleIfyouwanttheIncoterms2010rulestoapplytoyourcontract,youshouldmakethisclearinthecontract,throughsucnwordsas,”[thechosenIncotrermsruleincludingthenamedplace,followedby]Incoterms2010”.2.ChoosetheappropriateIncotermsrule3.SpecifyyourplaceorportaspreciselyaspossibleThechosenIncotermsrulecanworkonlyifthepartiesnameaplaceorport,andwillworkbestifthepartiesspecifytheplaceorportaspreciselyaspossible.Agoodexampleofsuchprecisionwouldbe:”FCA38CoursAlbert1er,Paris,FranceIncoterms2010”.4.RemenberthatIncotermsrulesdonotgiveyouacompletecontractofsale.三、Incoterms2010术语专用词解释承运人：在Incoterms2010rules中，承运人是签约承担运输责任的一方。海关手续：指为遵守任何适用的海关规定所需满足的要求，并可包括各类文件、安全、信息或实物检验的义务。交货：在贸易法律与实务中，此概念有多种涵义。但在Incoterms2010术语中，它所指的是货物灭失与损坏的风险从卖方转移至买方的点交货凭证：此词现为A8的标题。它是指证明已交货的凭证。在Incoterms2010许多术语中，交货凭证是运输凭证或对应的电子记录。但是，在使用EXW、FCA、FAS和FOB时，交货凭证可能仅仅是一张收据。交货凭证也会有其他作用，比如作为支付安排的构成部分。电子记录或程序：由一条或多条电子信息组成的整套信息，同时如适用时与对应的纸质凭证具有同等效力。包装：此词可用于不同目的：1）为满足买卖合同的要求对货物进行包装。2）为适应运输需要对货物进行包装。3）在集装箱或其他运载工具中装载包装好的货物。在Incoterms2010术语中，包装所指的是以上第一种和第二种情况。国际贸易术语解释通则2010中的术语不涉及各方在集装箱内的装载义务，因此，如需要的话，各方应在买卖合同中作出约定。Carrier:ForthepurposeoftheIncoterms2010rules,thecarrieristhepartywithwhomcarriageiscontracted.Customsformalities:Thesearerequirementstobemetinordertocomplywithanyapplicablecustomsregulationsandmayincludedocumentary,security,informationorphysicalinspectionobligations.Delivery:Thisconcepthasmultiplemeaningsintradelawandpractice,butintheIncoterms2010rules,itisusedtoindicatewheretheriskoflossofordamagetothegoodspassesfromthesellertothebuyer.Deliverydocument:ThisphraseisnowusedastheheadingtoarticleA8.Itmeansadocumentusedtoprovethatdeliveryhasoccurred.FormanyoftheIncoterms2010rules,thedeliverydocumentisatransportdocumentorcorrespondingelectronicrecord.However,withEXW,FCA,FAS,FOB,thedeliverydocumentmaysimplybeareceipt.Adeliverydocumentmayalsohaveotherfunctions,forexampleaspartofthemechanismforpayment.Electronicrecordorprocedure:Asetofinformationconsititutedofoneormoreelectronicmessagesand,whereapplicable,beingfunctionallyequivalentwiththecorrespondingpaperdocument.Packaging:Thiswordisusedfordifferentpurposes:1.Thepackagingofthegoodstocomplywithanyrequirementsunderthecontractofsald.2.Thepackagingofthegoodssothattheyarefitfortransportation.3.Thestowageofthepackagedgoodswithinacontainerorothermeansoftransport.IntheIncoterms2010rules,packagingmeansboththefirstandsecondoftheabove.TheIncoter