中国海商与环中国海的贸易网络_兼论亚洲历史的重建

©1994-2009ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.©1994-2009ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(Hughes,G)1864:(),:,,,(Woodruff,F.E)1881,1970,5011;15;15;9,20,,,1901,1938,1959,,,,39,567,1901-1938,4,099,:521,321,1280,291939,47644,82833,,()()()©1994-2009ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.:;;20,,,,40,20,,,,,,:;,,,,,,4:(1),(2),(3),(4),,,,,,,70%,1902,1908,10,,,(,)(),(),(),(),(),,,,,,,(),,,,,,©1994-2009ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.,(),,,,,,,,1868,1980,1888,16,161896-1897,(1888),231901,1910,,(),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,50,(Hall,D.G.E),16,,,:,,70,,,(Cohen,P.A)(Fairbank,J.K),80,,,,:,,,,,,,:,,,©1994-2009ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.,,,,,,,,10,500,;,,19,19,1819()194050,,1861,7,,,1601899,,96,(56)(4)(3)(5)(12)(2),(2)(2)(3)(4),1901,,(1901-1905),30,,1906,(1906-1915)1915,249,129,47,,,,,,22(1916-1927)1922,,,,1900;,200;,125,,122;,80,,,,,,,,©1994-2009ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.:,WangGungwu,TheNanhaiTrade:AStudyoftheEarlyHistoryofChineseTradeintheSouthChinaSea,inJournalofthemalayanBranchoftheRoyalAsiaticSociety,Vol.XXXI,Pt.2,1959.(:,31,2,1959);ChinaandChineseOverseas,Singapore:TimesAcademicPress,1991.(,:,1991);,:,1981;,:,1995,:,:,1988Purcell,Victor,TheChineseinSoutheastAsia,London:OxfordUniversityPress,1965.(:,:,1965);TheChineseinMalaya,KualaLumpur;OxfordUniversityPress,1967.(,:,1967)YenChing-hwang,ASocialHistoryoftheChineseinSingaporeandMalaya1800-1911,SingaporeandNewYork:OxfordUniversityPress,1986.(:,:,1986),,:,1987B.P.P:ReportfromtheSelectCommitteeoftheLordsonForeignTrade,TradewithEastIndiesandChina,1821,PP294-295.:,()51,1,1985ChinaMaritimeCustoms:TradeReports,Amoy,1865.ChinaMaritimeCustoms:TradeReports,Amoy,1865.ChinaMaritimeCustoms:TradeReports,Amoy,1880.:,,,1901-1931::,(:)1-8,:,1990LindaY.C.LandPeter,L.A,eds,TheChineseinSoutheastAsia,Vol.1,Singa2pore:MaruzenPte,1983;Redding,S.G,TheSpiritofChineseCapitalism,BerlinandNewYork:WalterdeGruyter,1993;Clegg,S.RandRedding,S.G,CapitalisminContrastingCultures,BerlinandNewYork:WalterdeGruyter,1990;GaryHamilton,ed,BusinessNetworksandEconomicDevelopmentinEastandSoutheastAsia,HongKong:TheUniversityofHongKong,1991;RuthMeVey,ed,SoutheastAsianCapitalists,NewYork:CornellUni2versity,Ithaca,1993:,350-388,:,1988:::(1907-1931);(1912-1933);(1915-1938);(1907-1935);(1916-1936);(1910-1914):191337,1888-1900,,1940:191429:191337:(),14,:,1982,:(),:,1989:(),4-5,:,1999:,1916:,:,1863;:,1899:::