国际贸易实务3TermsofCommodity

ChapterThreeTermsofCommoditySEIBOFGDUFS2LearningobjectivesAfterreadingthischapteryoushouldbeabletoexplainthedifferentwaysofqualitystipulationoutlinethequantitymeasurementunitsandsystemsdescribetheapproachestoweightcalculationunderstandthefunctionsandfeaturesofdifferenttypesofexportpackagingidentifymarkingonthepackingofgoodsforinternationalsalescomposequality,quantityandpackingclausesproperlySEIBOFGDUFS34.1NameofcommoditySignificanceCISGArticle35:Thesellermustdelivergoodswhichareofthequantity,qualityanddescriptionrequiredbythecontractandwhicharecontainedorpackagedinthemannerrequiredbythecontractIssuesconcerningstipulatingnameinsalescontract:beingclear,specific&precise(rice)beingpractical(purecottonT-shirts)adoptingthewidelyacceptedname(cokeHSCode)SEIBOFGDUFS44.2QualityDefinition:referstotheintrinsicelementsofcommoditiesincludingtheinternalpropertiesoringredientsaswellastheexternalappearance..SEIBOFGDUFS54.2Quality:waysofqualitystipulationQualityStipulationsCategoriesTypesSalebySpecificationSalebyGradeSalebyStandardSalebyBrandNameorTradeMarkSalebyPlaceofOriginSalebyDescriptionSalebyDescriptionsandIllustrationsSalebySeller’sSampleSalebyBuyer’sSampleSalebySampleSalebyCounterSampleSalebyActualCommodity/SalebyActualQualitySEIBOFGDUFS64.2Qualitystipulation–SalebydescriptionSpecificationcomprisesomeimportantindicatorssuchascomposition,content,purity,length,size,etc.ExampleChinaSesameSeedMoisture:8%max.Admixture:2%max.Oilcontent:52%basisSEIBOFGDUFS7Case1芝麻规格案例某外贸公司向德国出口一批芝麻，合同规定水分最高为15％，杂志不超过3％。成交后，我方按照合同规定的时间交货。货到德国后，，买方经检验，出具了实际货物品质比合同规定的水分超过了7％，结果我方赔偿了2000马克。SEIBOFGDUFS84.2Qualitystipulation–SalebydescriptionSalebygradebeindicatedsimplybystatingitsgrade,aspresumablythesellerandthebuyeraresupposedtohavereachedaconsensusontheclassificationimplicationofgrades.toavoidmisunderstandingandthesubsequentdisputes,however,itisrecommendedtolaydownsomemajorspecificationsSEIBOFGDUFS9Case2茶叶等级案例中方某公司与国外某客商成交龙井茶一批，合同要求二级茶叶，卖方实际交货时发现二级茶叶库存已馨，便在未征得买方同意情况下，以一级茶叶抵充二级茶叶交货，并电告买方“一级茶叶仍按二级茶叶计价，不另外收费”。问：卖方这种做法是否妥当？为什么？SEIBOFGDUFS104.2Qualitystipulation–Salebydescriptionsalebygrade:exampleFreshHenEggs,shelllightbrownandclean,eveninsizeGradeAA:60-65gmpereggGradeA:55-60gmpereggGradeB:50-55gmpereggGradeC:45-50gmpereggSEIBOFGDUFS114.2Qualitystipulation–SalebydescriptionSalebystandardwhenspecificationsorgradesarelaiddownandproclaimedinaunifiedway,theybecomestandards.ExampleTetracyclineHCLTablets(SugarCoated)250mg.B.P.1973ChinaNortheastSoybean2006NewCrop,F.A.Q:Moisture15%max.Admixture1%max.SEIBOFGDUFS124.2Qualitystipulation–SalebydescriptionSalebystandard:F.A.Q.&G.M.QF.A.Q.:indicatingthatthequalityoftheaproductofferedisaboutequaltotheaveragequalitylevelofthesamecropwithinacertainperiodoftime(e.g.ayear.)generallysuitableforagriculturalproducts.G.M.Q.:thequalityofthegoodsofferedaresufficientlygoodtosatisfythepurposesforuseorconsumptionwhicharemutuallyunderstoodbythebuyerandthesellerusedsometimesasthebottom-lineofqualityrequirement.SEIBOFGDUFS134.2Qualitystipulation–SalebydescriptionSalebybrandnameortrademarktodefinethequalityofsomeproductsbysimplyreferencingtotheirbrandnamesortrademarks.ExamplesSonyTelevisionsHaierRefrigeratorsTigerheadbatteriesPanasonicTelevision,TH-42PV65CSEIBOFGDUFS144.2Qualitystipulation–SalebydescriptionSalebyorigintousethenameoftheplaceoforiginastheindicationforquality(speciallocalproduct)ExampleWest-lakeLongjingTea,Grade1,ZhejiangOriginSEIBOFGDUFS154.2Quality–SalebydescriptionSalebydescriptionsorillustrationsspecificdescriptions,sometimeswithillustrationsExamplePanasonicTelevision,TH-42PV65C,qualityandtechnicaldatatobestrictlyinconformitywiththeinstructionsattached.HaierRefrigerator,ModelXXX,qualityandtechnicaldatatobestrictlyinconformitywiththedescriptionssubmittedbytheseller.SEIBOFGDUFS164.2Qualitystipulation–SalebysampleSalebysampleDefinition:asalewhenthesellerandbuyeragreethatsampleisusedasthebasisofqualityandconditionofthegoodstobedelivered.ExampleTeddyBearSize15,QualityasperSampleX071118ASEIBOFGDUFS174.2Qualitystipulation–salebysampleSalebyseller’ssamplemadeonthebasisofthesampleprovidedbythesellerSalebybuyer’ssamplemadeonthebasisofthesampleprovidedbythebuyerSalebycountersampleCountersample:areplicamadebythesellerofthesampleprovided,normallybythebuyercountersampleusedasthebasisforqualitytoremovetheriskoftheselleragoodsubstitutetosalebybuyer’ssampleSEIBOFGDUFS18Case3样品品质案例我北方一外贸公司，某年5月份与新加坡商人达成一笔合同，我方出口一批大理石板，品质要求以买方提供样品为准，7月份交货。于是我方以最好的工艺，精加工一个样品交给对方确认。买方看到这样品时十分满意，觉得比以前看到的都要好。于是我方开始履行合同，但在大批量加工时发现，要是每一个产品品质均能达到样品水平十分困难，后经努力，终于交出一批货。到货后经检验不合格，买方提出索赔。经仲裁，以我方最终赔偿对方28000美元了结。SEIBOFGDUFS19NotesConservationBuyer’ssampleRepresentativesamplequalitylevelSEIBOFGDUFS20Case4双重质量担保案例我国某外贸公司向德国出口花生一批，合同规定最低含油量不低于44%，杂质不超过1%。但在成交前我方曾向对方寄过样品，合同订立后我有电告对方“成交货物与样品相似”。货到德国后，买方出具了货物品质比样品低7%的检验证明，并要求赔偿600英镑的损失。我方拒绝赔偿，并陈述理由说：货物在交货是是经过挑选的。因为是农产品，不可能做到与样品完全相符，但也不至于低7%。问：我方失误在哪里？是否可以以货物非凭样成交理由而不予理赔？SEIBOFGDUFS21[案例分析]此例是一宗既凭品质规格交货，又凭样品买卖的交易。卖方成交前的寄样行为及订约后的“电告”都是合同的组成部分