施炳展-我国与主要贸易伙伴的贸易成

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《》200811———:,2080。;;、;,,,,,,,。,。,。:;;;;、Melitz(2003),,,Krugman(1980);Bernard(2006),,;Helpman(2007),,。,Andersen(2004),170%,;Obstfeld(2000),6。,Hummles(2001),,,。。1978,,;,,。,。、Melitz(2003),,,,:,,。,,,,。,、、FDI。,,。Yang(1994),,,,。,,,,。,,[][2007]3020。:300074:stonenk@hotmail.com。24--《》200811,,,,。,,。,?Andersen(2004),、、、、、。。,,。,、、、、“”,,,Estevadeordal(2002)1870-1939,。,Hummels(2007),,;Eaton(2002),,。,Hummels(2002),,,,;,,。,,;,,,。,,,,。Rauch(2001)。。。,,,Eaton(2007),。,,,,,,,。,,,,。1:。2:。,Feenstra(2000),;Feenstra(2000)、,,,,。,(,,,,),,,。,3。3:。,;、。,。、。25--《》200811,(1):Xij=AYiYjDij(1),Dij,、、、、。(bordereffects),Andersen(2003),,,,(2):Xij=YiYjDijtijPiPjjj1-σ(2)tij,Pi,Pj,tijPiPj,,,。σ,,,。tijPiPjjj1-σ。,,,,,;,,,,。,,Jacks(2006),Novy(2007),(3):Xii=Y2iYwtiiP2ijj1-σ(3)(3)Pi,(4):Pt=Xii/YiYiYwjj12(σ-1)tiijj12(4)(4)(2)(5):Xij=XiiXjjjj12tijjj1-σtiitjjjjσ-12(5),Xji,(6):XjiXij=XiiXjjjjtijtjijj1-σtiitjjjj1-σ(6),(6)(7):tijtjitiitjj=XiiXjjXjiXijjj1σ-1(7),(8):τij=tijtjitiitjjjj12-1(8)(7)(8)(9):τij=XiiXjjXjiXijjj12(σ-1)-1(9)(9),XjiXij,XiiXjj,26--《》200811,(σ1);XiiXjj,XjiXij,,(σ1);,,,,。,,0,,;01%,1%,1%,100,2:1,,,。Andersen(2004),5-10,Andersen(2004),Novy(2007),8。,,,,,,(10)1995:ln(τi)=α+βln(disti)+γhistoryi+δ1highi+δ2midi+εi(10):(9)IMF《DirectionofTradeStatistics》;OECD《InternationalTradebyCommoditiesStatistics》;(9)XiiXjjWei(1996),Jacks(2006),Novy(2007)GDP,GDPIMF《WorldEconomicOutlook》,GDP《WorldDevelopmentIndicators》;GDP,,;(10)Rose(2004);(10)19801994,,,,history1,0;,high,mid。:27,(,,),(,,)。,1980-2006,,,30。,1995-2006,,,77。:;1980-200630,;1995-200677,、;、,。、1.1,;、,,。2.1980-200630。2;31980-2006,27--《》2008111。2,19801994,1999;2,,3,,1989-1997,,1998-2006,。,,。3.、1995-200677、,924、、,,1。,、、,4、5、6。1,;;,。,,,,。4.1995-200677(10),2                        28--《》200811341、2:*,**,***1%,5%10%。199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006 1.511.531.491.511.471.361.341.291.221.161.121.082.312.442.372.332.262.192.162.001.801.691.631.53 1.731.761.701.681.651.531.531.431.351.281.231.182.242.382.332.312.232.182.111.991.781.671.621.51 1.581.631.571.591.541.421.391.371.301.251.181.142.112.302.252.202.042.011.991.841.661.571.541.432.382.382.322.282.362.272.212.041.821.661.611.531995-20061995-19981999-20022003-20060.27614.150.2859.100.2809.560.2638.82 -0.124-12.98-0.130-8.46-0.129-9.02-0.113-7.74-0.079-6.52-0.075-3.84-0.101-5.56-0.061-3.30-0.038-3.49-0.029-1.65-0.053-3.21-0.033-1.97 0.43430.49070.54200.44729243083083085629--《》2008112。、。,,;,,。、,,。,1999。。、。,,,,。,。,,1978,WTO,,,。,,。。[]Andersen&Wincoop,(2003)“GravitywithGravitas:ASolutiontotheBorderPuzzle,”AmericanEconomicReview93,170-192.———,(2004)“TradeCosts,”JournalofEconomicLiterature3,691-751.Eaton&Kortum,(2002)“Technology,Geography,andTrade,”Econometrica5,1741-1779.Evans,(2003)“TheEconomicSignificanceofNationalBorderEffect,”AmericanEconomicReview93,291-1312.Feenstra&Rose,(2000)“PutThingsinOrder:TradeDynamicsandProductCycles,”TheReviewofEconomicsandStatistics3,369-382.Huang,(2007)“DistanceandTrade:DisentanglingUnfamiliarityEffectsandTransportationCostEffects,”EuropeanEconomicReview51,161-181.Hummles,(2005)“TheVarietyandQualityofaNation'sExports,”AmericanEconomicReview95,704-723.Melitz,(2003)“TheImpactofTradeonIntra-industryReallocationandAggregateIndustryProductivity,”Econometrica71,1695-1725.Rauch,(2002)“EthnicChineseNetworksinInternationalTrade,”TheReviewofEconomicsandStatistics84,116-130.()TheMeasurementofTradeCostbetweenChinaandItsMainTradePartners—BasedontheRevisedGravityModelSHIBing-zhanAbstract:Basedontherevisedgravitymodelwithmulti-lateraltradecost,thispapermeasuresChina’sbilateraltradecostandanalyzesitsdeterminants.Thepaperfindsthat:thetradecosthasanon-lineardecreasingtrend;tradecostdecreasesmuchmorequicklysince1999;geographydistance,historicalrelationship,andincomelevelarethemaindeterminantsofbilateraltradecost;theneardistancemeanslesstransportationcost,thefrequenthistoricaltraderelationships,thelessinformationcost,thehighincomelevel,andlesspolicycost.Theelasticityoftradecosttodistancedecreases,whichinterpretstheinfluenceofglobalization.Keywords:Tradecost;Gravitymodel;Geographydistance;Historicalrelationship;Incomelevel30--

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