美洲自由贸易区与拉丁美洲一体化

200162005,,,,,,:;;;,,,(300071)90,,,,1990,;,,2005,,,7.38,10,,?,,,???,,9©1994-2009ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.:,:,;,,,,,19,,,,,1948,,,,,,,,,,,:,,,,,,,,,2090,,,1990,,10,,1994,:,......,,,,,,:,,,,01:,118,,,1981:,331,,,,1956:,19838©1994-2009ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.:,,,,,,,2050,,(),,,,,,,,,1949,,:,;,,;,;,,,,,,,,,,,2050,11RaulPrebisch,ObrasEscogidasdeRaulPrebisch,Plaza&JanesEditores-ColombiaLtda.,1983,p.329.:,2,,1982:,19995:,136,,,1996©1994-2009ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.:bk,80,,,,,1994,,(),,,bl,bm1994,,:,,;,,,;,,,,;,;,,,,,,21bkblbmRobertDelvinyRicardoFfrench-Davis,HaciaunaEvaluaciondelaIntegracionRegionalenAmericaLatina,ComercioExteriorVol.49.,No.11,Noveimbrede1999,p.957.GertRosenthal,AmericaLatinayelCaribeFrentealaEconomiaMundial,RevistadelaCEPAL,Agostode1994.p.9.:,19934ShahidJavedBurkiandGuillermoE.Perry,TowardsOpenRegionalism,p.4.Thisspeechisavailableinhttp:öö(),188189,,,2000©1994-2009ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.();9.93%,8.47%,12.8%19950%20%,1997199812%bn,90,,31bnInter-AmericanDevelopmentBank,IntegrationandTradeintheAmericas,PeriodicNote,October1999,p.9.::,160161,,2001©1994-2009ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,bp,,,,,,,,,41bobp:,20008;:,19981RobertDevlinandRicardoFfrench-Davis,HaciaunaEvaluaciondelaIntegracionRegionalenAmericaLatina,p.956.©1994-2009ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,51bqbrOsvaldoSunkel,DesarrolloeIntegracionRegional:OtraportunidadparaunaPromesaIncumplida?,RevistadelaCEPAL,Octubrede1998,p.241.:,19964©1994-2009ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.:1510,,,,,,,,,,,,::,1995,,,,1999,,,,1999,,6,,,,,,,,;,,,,,,,()61©1994-2009ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(FTAA)by2005andthedevelopmentofregionaleconomicintegrationinLatinAmericaaredifferent.WhiletheformerreliesmainlyontheMonroeDoctrineandPan-Americanism,thelatterdependsonBolivar’svision,RaulPrebisch’sstructuralismandopenregionalism.EstablishmentofFTAAshouldbringmoremarketsharesforLatinAmericancountries.Atthesametime,however,itwillalsocreatesomeundesirableside-effects.Forinstance,theselfishUnitedStateswilltaketheadvantageofaFTAAtooccupymoreLatinAmericanmarkets.Meantime,South-SouthtradeconflictswillalsoemergeamongtheLatinAmericancountries.(WangPing)CAUSESOFECONOMICRECESSIONINCOLOMBIAATTHEENDOFTHE1990SColombiahadlongbeenoneoftheLatinAmericancountriestowitnesssmootheconomicdevelopment.Attheendofthe1990s,however,itsgrowthratestumbledandsankintorecession.Themajorcausesofthispoorsituationinclude:1)Tradeliberalizationandfinancialopeningledtoswiftexpansionofbankcredit,thusleadingtohigherinterestrates.2)Loosefiscalpolicygeneratedlargedeficits.3)Exchangeratefluctuatedgreatlyandthebalanceofpaymentsworsened.4)Theprivatesectorsufferedfromahugedebtburden.5)Domesticviolenceresultedinseriousdamagestoeconomicinfrastructures.6)Naturaldisasterstookplacerepeatedly.7)Externalconditions,includingthefinancialturmoilinBrazilin1999,madeitseconomictieswiththeoutsideworldmoredifficult.(XuBaohua)DEVELOPMENTPROCESSANDTHEROLEOFTHEGOVERNMENT:THECASEOFARGENTINAThefocusofgovernmentinterventioninArgentinavariedatdifferenttimes.Afterthe1930sitemphasizedonbuildinginfrastructureswithfundsfromtaxcollectionandforeigndebt.Afterthe1970s,rapidexpansionofpublicspendingresultedinhugedeficitsandgallopinginflation.Threeroundsofreformsduringthelastquarterofthe20thcenturyhasgreatlychangedtheroleofthegovernment.(ZhangFan)46©1994-2009ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.