贸易保护的依据

argumentTheoptimumtariff108BCOAWtt*th8181109ABAOAththABCt*snatchingrent,82DMRMRDIHGFEBACmCtMCmMCtPmPtOPQQtQm82MRMCmQm110PmPmAECmCmCtPtQtPtIAPmCtGFCmCtGFCmCtGFCmPtPmCtCmPtIHPmCtGFCmIAH=CtGFCm+GBEF-PtIHPm203019291930617-1929—3350%7193061932830%111AlexanderHamilton1791(FriedrichList)18415(infantindustry)112Mill’stestC.F.BastableBastable’stestKemp’stest1132030114*2080strategictradepolicy115Brander(Spencer)HFHFHFQfQh1Qh0Qf1Qf0EFHOEFHQh83Spencer,B.J.andJ.S.Brander(1983),“InternationalR&DRivalryandIndustrialStrategy”,ReviewofEconomicStudies,vol.50,pp.707-722.Brander,J.S.andB.J.Spencer(1985),“ExportSubsidiesandMarketShareRivalry”,JournalofInternationalEconomics,vol.18,pp.82-100.11683HFHHFFHFHHFFEEHFQ0hQ0fHHEHHHHFF83HFEHFHFHF1hQ1fQHimportprotectionasexportpromotion117HHFFHHFFHHHH83HFKrugman,P.R.(1984),“ImportProtectionasExportPromotion:InternationalCompetitioninthePresenceofOligopolyandEconomiesofScale”,inKierzkowski,H(ed.),MonopolisticCompetitionandInternationalTrade,OxfordUniversityPress,pp.180-193.118WTO2080Thepoliticaleconomyoftradepolicyorprotection119lobbyingfreerider12012112345678910122