贸易自由化对巴西制造业的影响

20022208090,40,10,,,,,(GDP)195519%199030%GDP,6.3%,19551%200077%,,41.,,,,2.,(),,3.,,,,,4.,,,,,,,,,8090,,,,,,,,,64Correa.P.G.,TheEffectofTradeLiberalisationonMarketPower:theCaseoftheBrazilianManufacturingMimeo,1997,p.13:E.I.U.,CountryReport:Brazil,June2001,p.5,p.30.©1994-2007ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.:;,,,1.,()2.,3.4.()5.,,()1989,,3:(19891994)(1995)(1996)GDP1989,,,GDP,,,,,1999,,,,,,1989,8%,199815%()1,:,19891998,6.9%32.1%,6.9%44.1%;,9.3%23.2%,66%,1.619.3%,19.3%,,,,()(),74IBGE,TheAnnualIndustrySurvey,1999.p.83.©1994-2007ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(),,1989,6(8.8%14.8%),,20(12.6%32.7%),16.5(7.7%24.2%),9.9(10.5%20.4%),,199810.7%10.1%()1198919951998(%)ööö1989199519981989199519981989199519987.415.618.78.719.024.27.510.511.41.510.211.61.510.711.77.510.511.46.920.632.16.924.444.19.314.323.23.27.98.62.97.58.111.319.418.84.515.119.34.315.520.38.812.714.8:BNDES,1.,,,2.,3.,,4.,,(),:,(,);219891990199719982,,32.8%,,,,20.5%,3.7%,8.6%84©1994-2007ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(%)198919901997199811.310.63.93.23.713.83.113.231.736.64.18.932.820.53.78.6:BNDES319901998(%)(%)(%)28.844.921.833.649.222.126.343.525.611.525.715.724.340.021.5:BNDES,3.7%,,157.9%42.9%8.0%6.1%,,177.6%45.2%18.5%,7.8%10.1%11.8%,,,(),,,,31.7%,(),61.3%48.0%10.1%(,)1989199019971998,36.6%,8.9%,4.1%11.3%,,,10.6%,,3.9%,3.2%,,,46.6%,,,,,:,,,;,94©1994-2007ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.()2090,,1990,19911997,3.35%19901994,9.2%,,,1990,,,,,19901998,40.4%,14.3%,91.6%,19951997,,,350.2%;,9.4%(),,3199019983,19901998,24.3%,,,,33.6%,,,,,28.8%26.3%,11.6%,38,19901998,,,0.2%65.1%48.5%29.3%5.0%3.7%,2,,;,,(),,6,19901998,9.2%,544.4%19.2%23.9%47.0%43.6%,,:,,;,,05BNDESBasedonIBGEInput-OutputMatrixandIPA2FGVData,20015IBGE,TheAnnualIndustrySurvey,1999,p.5759;MonthlyIndustrialSurvey,March,2001,p.23.IBGE,MonthlyIndustrialSurvey,March,2001,p.37.Hay,D.,ThePost-1990BrazilianTradeLiberalisationandthePerformanceofLargeManufacturingFirms:Productivi2ty,MarketShareandProfits,TextoParaDiscussao,p.523,RiodeJaneiro,IPEA,October,1997.Bonelli.R.,WhereisBrazil’sIndustrialstructureHeading?TextoParaDiscussao,p.540,RiodeJaneiro,IPEA,April,1998.©1994-2007ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.()(11),IMF1,,fo,,IMF:20023()foInternationalHeraldTribune,January14,2002.15©1994-2007ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.