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通过系统工程、优化设计提高整车NVH性能的策略任起龙2009.10.23NVHislowpriorityindesign,yethighpriorityandthemostdifficultattributeinvehicledevelopment!1.Introduction:NVHoverview2.S.E.ApproachtoWholeVehicleNVHDevelopmentWholevehicleNVHdevelopmentTargetsettingandprocess3.PowertrainNVHdevelopment(omit)OutlineIntroduction:AutomotiveNVHoverviewNoise:unwantedsoundVibration:unwantedoscillation“soft”attributeyetveryimportantasperceivedqualitypartofentertainment,andperformanceIntroduction:ConsumerReportEvaluationDrivingConditions:DrivingConditions:WOT,POT,Idle,Coastdown,Reverse,etc.VehicleNVHResponsesLowfrequencyregionLowfrequencyregionLowfrequencyregionmiddlefrequencyregionmiddlefrequencyregionmiddlefrequencyregionmiddlefrequencyregionmiddlefrequencyregionhighfrequencyregionHighfrequencyregionHighfrequencyregionEarlyNVHWorkGeneralfeaturesOutline1.HowtodefineandmeasureNVHinvehicledevelopment?2.TwoTypesinachievingNVHperformanceA:After-PrototypeDevelopmentB:NVHThroughSystemDesign&Balance3.CaseStudiesofApproachTypeB4.ConcludingRemarksS.E.ApproachtoWholeVehicleNVHDevelopmentROAD/TIRENOISEPOWERTRAINNOISEINTERIORNOISEWINDNOISEHowtodefineandmeasureNVHinvehicledevelopmentNoise&vibrationtothesatisfactionofthecustomerBODYMOUNTSPOWERTRAINVIBRATIONROAD/TIREVIBRATIONVibrationsensedinvariouswaysatvariouslocations(steeringwheel,shifter,seat,floor,armrest,mirror,andtheoverall“oneness”ofthevehicle)Noise&vibrationtothesatisfactionofthecustomerHowtodefineandmeasureNVHinvehicledevelopmentVehicleNVHFrequencyRangeOverview20Hz400Hz10kHznoisevibrationstructure-borneairborneride(rigidbody)structuralfeel(flex.body)boomWhatisVehicleNVH,Howtodefineandmeasure?“太吵了振耳，手麻不舒服无法忍受”Æ劣质产品“安静平顺”--高端品质KanoModelNoise&vibrationtothesatisfactionofthecustomer振噪性能好振噪性能差极满意极不满意WhatisVehicleNVH,Howtodefineandmeasure?KanoModelNoise&vibrationtothesatisfactionofthecustomer振噪性能好极不满意振噪性能差极满意OneluxurysedanWindnoiseEnginenoiseRoadNoiseWhatisVehicleNVH,Howtodefineandmeasure?“太吵了振耳，手麻不舒服无法忍受”Æ劣质产品“安静平顺”--高端品质KanoModelNoise&vibrationtothesatisfactionofthecustomer振噪性能好振噪性能差极满意极不满意Otherfactors:Whereisyourcompetitoronthecurve?Howmuchtime&moneyyoucanspend?WillN&Vimprovementaffectotherperformance?WhatisVehicleNVH,Howtodefineandmeasure?客观测试Operationalconditions:60KPHsmoothandcoarseroad112KPHsmoothroadW.O.T.accelerationIdleIndex:WOTdB(A)WOTAI(ArticulationIndex)CoarseRoaddB(A)SMA112KPHCruiseAIIdledB(A)andVibrationWhatisVehicleNVH,Howtodefineandmeasure?主观评价性能不适度10很好没有98好有一点点76可以有一些54差不适32很差很不适1特点：可以试驾，测试，进行主观评价.直观，切实.如果相关技术和管理人员人员都在场，可以当场发现，分析，拍板解决问题。所能解决的问题往往有限-主要结构，外形已经无法改变-主要空间布置,动力总成部件已经很难改变-如果车型已经超重或超支，只好东墙补西墙。TypeA:在样车或试产车上提高振噪性能TypeA:在样车或试产车上提高振噪性能适合低研发成本快速进入市场。如果在现有车身车架上改装发动机，这种做法在国内常常得到采用。在北美，这种做法也不时被用到。十几年前用的多，现在用的越来越少。不适合开发新车型,因为性能和成本得不到优化。尤其不适合开发新车型平台(可以衍生出不同车型的平台)。TypeA:在样车或试产车上提高振噪性能怠速闷音系统图(部分)专家系统-找出问题所在TypeA:在样车或试产车上提高振噪性能专家系统-找出问题所在路噪系统图(level1)整车开始，逐一排除，逐渐深入改进设计既要有效，又要避免引起其它问题本车及与同类(标杆)车型比较*试驾主观评价*观察比较相关设计*简单实验测试简单计算分析经验很重要TypeB:NVHThroughSystemDesign&Balance1.先期系统平衡设计2.中后期系统精细设计,系统评定TypeB:先期系统平衡设计外形基本尺寸,内部空间布置人机功效学,,车身底盘和动力总成TypeBTheconceptofsystemengineeringandtherequiredorganization,people,andprocess一种极端：汽车就是各部件的组合.性能可以水到渠成，可以花钱买来PowertrainCoolingSystemsBody&ClosuresExteriorElectricalSystemsandInfotainmentChassisInterior•便于企业管理•但顾客买的是整车及其性能…•零部件花费高未必带来整车性能Whichonedoyouwanttospendmoneyonandwhy?IsolatorsVehicleAcousticTreatmentsNoiseandVibrationAffordableProduct(Cost)QualityandReliabilityStylingFeaturesRideandHandlingComfortableandConveniencePerformanceandFuelEconomySafetyandCrashworthinessHarmonyEntertainmentFunctionality另外一种思路：汽车研发从性能出发•“性能”和“顾客”都有“软”定义-真正操作并不容易。•性能离不开部件。部件性能企业情况在两个极端之间北美企业设置“整车性能部”负责性能指标制定、分析、实验和测试、不直接出任何图纸。负责系统设计，最后出图纸。北美某大企业整车性能部门有一千多名工程师。其中振动噪声部门有二百多名工程师。(labengineers,CAEengineers,hardwaredevelopengineersandprogramleaders.Atypicalvehicleprogramrequires6-10NVHengineers).矩阵式组织结构bodyinteriorNVHVeh.Dyn汽车振动噪声噪声振动异音/异常振动(S&R)发动机引起的振动轮胎引起的振动车体结构刚度感觉零散系统引起的振动车内噪声车外噪声发动机引起的噪声路面引起的噪声空气动力噪声零散系统引起的噪声发动机悬置动力传递系统振动发动机体辐射声进排气系统噪声车体隔声(空气声)悬挂系统振动特性司乘操作引起的噪声车体隔声(固体声)整车低阶模态共振主要零部件共振SystemOverviewofVehicleNVHSystemEngineering–AnIllustrationSystemEngineeringforVehicleDevelopmentRequirementDesignPerformance顾客需求/期望企业产品策略同行技术水准政府法规整车技术要求部件技术要求个件技术要求整车设计部件设计个件设计整车实际技术性能部件实际技术性能个件实际技术性能市场实际销售结果产品质量,成本,营利等指标的预估和平衡顾客需求/期望企业产品策略同行技术水准政府法规整车技术要求部件技术要求个件技术要求整车设计部件设计个件设计整车实际技术性能部件实际技术性能个件实际技术性能市场实际销售结果产品质量,成本,营利等指标的预估和平衡SystemEngineeringBasicElements-I1.CustomerFocused,RequirementsDrivenApproachthatisdrivenbyrequirementsthatreflectsthewantsandneedsoftheultimatecustomer顾客需求/期望企业产品策略同行技术水准政府法规整车技术要求部件技术要求个件技术要求整车设计部件设计个件设计整车实际技术性能部件实际技术性能个件实际技术性能市场实际销售结果产品质量,成本,营利等指标的预估和平衡顾客需求/期望企业产品策略同行技术水准政府法规整车技术要求部件技术要求个件技术要求整车设计部件设计个件设计整车实际技术性能部件实际技术性能个件实际技术性能市场实际销售结果产品质量,成本,营利等指标的预估和平衡Manytoolsavailablesuchas“houseofquality”-BrandCharacter(品牌战略)-SurveyData/Goals(CR/JDPower/Internal)-Regulation(i.e.PassbyNoise)-BillofMaterials(材料清单)-ArchitectureBandwidthSystemEngineeringBasicElements–II2.Top-downRequirementsExpansionandTraceability–flowsthecustomerRequirementsfromthevehicleleveltolowerlevelsandproviderequi