NAVA:COPD更合理的通气模式OutlineCOPD现状与机械通气面临的问题NAVA如何应对PEEPi应用NAVA进行膈肌功能锻炼COPDisstillasevereclinicalproblemRespiratoryMedicine2011,105:1872-1884MortalityincreasealongwithseverityofCOPDRespiratoryMedicine2011,105:1872-1884COPD患者病理生理改变Consultant.2011,51(12):511-526COPD患者肺时间常数()明显增加=RxC测定肺组织充盈或排空的速度反映肺组织对压力变化的反应速度时间常数成人(正常值)2x0.10=0.20”术后气管插管成人患者5x0.06=0.30”COPD成人患者15x0.06=0.90”ARDS成人患者8x0.03=0.24”ARDS患儿5x0.01=0.05”COPD患者呼吸做功增加动态肺过度膨胀吸气时呼气时压力驱动增加呼吸功增加内源性呼气末正压气流受限COPD患者气流受限IntensiveCareMed,1995,21:522-536.CleveClinJMed.,2005,72:801-809.内源性PEEP(PEEPi)FlowtExhalationtimetoshort,certainvolumeremainsinthelungPEEPi对呼吸的影响增加呼吸做功人机不协调无效触发肺泡过度膨胀气压伤通气/血流失调常规机械通气模式时,会产生明显触发延迟,患者呼吸做功增加NAVAconceptPediatrRes,2007,61:289-294NAVA通气时,患者产生呼吸努力,呼吸机即可送气,明显改善触发延迟,患者呼吸做功减少NAVA–Neuroventilatorycoupling0.5l10%10sPPICOPDHealthy(%)Vt(l)(%)Vt(l)(%)Vt(l)Time(s)EAdiEAdiEAdiHealthy0.5l10%10sPPICOPDHealthy(%)Vt(l)(%)Vt(l)(%)Vt(l)Time(s)EAdiEAdiEAdiCOPD0.5l10%10sPPICOPDHealthy(%)Vt(l)(%)Vt(l)(%)Vt(l)Time(s)EAdiEAdiEAdiPost-polioIfthediaphragmbecomesweakerand/ortheinspiratoryloadincreases,thediaphragmelectricalactivationmustincreasetomaintainagivenvolume.SinderbyetalJAP1998Paw=NAVAlevel×EAdi适当水平的PEEPe可减少患者的呼吸功IntensiveCareMed,2000,26:1167-11698patientswereenrolledafterconfirmationofanobstructivelungdisease(inspiratoryresistance,20cmH2O/L.s)andPEEPi5cmH2O)CritCareMed2005;33:1519–1528PlateaupressureandFRCincreasewithPEEPelevelsCritCareMed2005;33:1519–1528ThreepossibleresponsesobservedinPplat,PEEPiandFRCwithapplicationofPEEPeCritCareMed2005;33:1519–1528ReducingPEEPincreasedinspiratoryEAdiby34%(P=.046)andwasassociatedwithanincreaseinmeanPawabovePEEPfrom8.5to12.2cmH2O(P=.008)IndividualventilatorypatternispreservedChest2010;138;578-587NAVA模式下PEEPe的选择应遵循个体化原则对部分气道梗阻的患者(约1/3),设置PEEPe能够缓解过度充盈约2/3患者应用NAVA时非必须应用PEEPe逐渐增加PEEP并观察气道压力改变,是减少副作用的合理方法COPD患者膈肌功能不全COPDEnergyDemandsofInspirationHyperinflationMalnutritionGlucocorticoidsDiaphragmdysfunctionAmJRespirCritCareMed2003,168.10–48膈肌功能不全导致机械通气时间明显延长CritCareMed.2007;35(9):2007-15.“ABCDE”CriticalCare2010,14:245机械通气对膈肌功能是一把“双刃剑”辅助不足呼吸肌疲劳辅助过度呼吸肌废用机械通气相关性膈肌功能不全(VIDD)CriticalCare2011,15:206NEnglJMed2008;358:1327-35CritCareMed2012;40(4):1254-604羟基壬烯醛活化型半胱天冬酶-3蛋白酶活性钙蛋白酶CritCareMed2012;40(4):1254-60RelationshipbetweenpatienteffortandventilatorpressureRespirCare2011;56(2):140–148.COPD优先选择的通气方式–NIVNAVA小结COPD仍是目前临床面临的重点和难题机械通气是COPD的重要治疗措施之一NAVA可通过改善同步性、降低呼吸功等减少PEEPi的影响NAVA可以锻炼呼吸肌肉减少机械通气时间、减少机械通气相关并发症(VIDD)