Daniel-Defoe英文简介PPT

1管理工程学院组张朝欣2GeneralIntroductionDefoe,Daniel(1660-1731)Englishnovelistandjournalist,whoseworkreflectshisdiverseexperiencesinmanycountriesandinmanywalksoflife.Besidesbeingabrilliantjournalist,novelist,andsocialthinker,Defoewasaprolific（多产的）author,producingmorethan500books,pamphlets,andtracts小册子.34Hisworksmainlythroughtheeffortsofindividuals,relyingontheirwisdomandcouragetoovercomedifficulties.Theplottwistsandturns,usedtotell,readabilityisstrong.Andexpressedthepursuitofadventure,societyandindividualstruggle.TherepresentativeofRobinsonCrusoeiswellknownintheworld,Robinsonhasalsobecomeadifficultstrugglewiththetypical,soheisregardedasthefounderofBritishfiction.WorksFeaturesDanielDefoe(丹尼尔.笛福,1660-1731)Birthandfamily:BorninLondon,abutcher’sfamily.Sixchildren,butnoonegaveconsiderationtohimwhenhewasdying.Education:attendeda‘dissenting新教的’schoolwhereEnglishcompositionisstressed.56occupation:Businessman(commision代理merchant),Governmentofficial,NewspaperandmagazineeditorandwriterHestartedabusinesscareer,buthewentbankruptandturnedtowriting.7Defoe‘searliestwritingsdealtwithsuchcontroversial（有争议的）subjectsaspoliticsandreligion.ApoliticalpamphletledtoDefoe'simprisonmentin1703forabout4months.Forabout25years,Defoeearnedhislivingasajournalist.Heproducedhisownperiodical（杂志）,TheReview,single-handedlyfrom1704to1713.是英国第一份定期出版的文化和政治刊物，是英国报业的先驱。Fictions:RobinsonCrusoe(鲁滨孙漂流记，1719)CaptainSingleton(辛格顿船长,1720)MollFlanders(摩尔·弗兰德斯,1722)AJournalofthePlagueYear(大疫年日记,1722)Roxana(罗克萨娜,1724）ColonelJack(陆军上校杰克,1722)Verses:HymntothePillory(枷刑颂，1702)8EnglishauthorDanielDefoegainedinternationalfamewithhis1719novelRobinsonCrusoe.Healsopublishedseveralworksofsocialcriticism,oneofwhich,TheShortestWaywiththeDissenters(1702)（铲除新教徒的捷径）landedhiminjail.Defoeproducedmorethan500writtenworksinhislifetime.9RobinsonCrusoe(1714)10Thestory:DescribeshowRobinson,a18-centurymiddle-classtradesman,experiencedhisromanticlifeonawildislandfor28years.11RobinsonCrusoewaspartlybasedontheactualdeedsofAlexanderSelkirk,an18th-centuryScottishsailorwhospentalmostfiveyearsaloneonadesertisland.12RobinsonCrusoe,anEnglishmanwhoisshipwreckedinalonelytropicalisland.Hebuildshimselfahut,growshisownfood,andbecomesself-sufficient.After23yearshemeetswithagroupofcannibals食人者andrescuesoneoftheirprisoners,ayoungnativewhomehecallsFriday.Robinsonandhis“man”Fridaybecomeclosefriends,andwhentheyarefinallyrescuedfouryearslater,bothreturntoEngland.Thetheme:Celebratesthe18th–centuryWesterncivilization’smaterialtriumphs胜利andthestrengthofhumanrationalwilltoconquerthenaturalenvironment.1314笛福对待劳动人民的态度有两面性。他认为犯罪的根源是贫穷，富有的人是不会犯罪的。摩尔·弗兰德斯和罗克萨娜之所以走上不光荣的道路，就是因为贫穷，所以他对这两个人物也是抱有同情心的。他主张发展工商业使人民有工作。但是另外一方面，他却把当时工人工作时间长、工资低、未成年的孩子就要工作等残酷剥削现象视为固然。这是雇主的观点。