【超实用】限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句区别

1/5【超实用】限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句区别观察下列从Reading中选取的句子①ThisgiftwastheAmberRoom，whichwasgiventhisnamebecauseseveraltonsofamberwereusedtomakeit.②Theamberwhichwasselectedhadabeautifulyellowbrowncolourlikehoney.③Later，CatherineⅡhadtheAmberRoommovedtoapalaceoutsideStPetersburgwhereshespenthersummers.④Thiswasatimewhenthetwocountrieswereatwar.⑤ThereisnodoubtthattheboxeswerethenputonatrainforKonigsberg，whichwasatthattimeaGermancityontheBalticSea.[自我总结]①⑤为定语从句，与主句之间有逗号；②③④为定语从句，与主句之间无逗号。【答案】非限制性限制性限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句一、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别区别限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句形式与主句之间不用逗号隔开与主句之间一般用逗号隔开功能对先行词进行限定、修饰。如果去掉，剩余部分的意义便不完整、不明确对先行词作附加说明，去掉后，句子剩余部分的意思仍然完整、明确先行词名词或名词性词组名词、名词性词组或整个主句引导词所有的关系代词/副词除that和why之外的关系代词/副词翻译常译成前置定语常译成并列分句Shehasfoundthenecklace(that)shelosttwoweeksago.她找到了那条两周前丢失的项链。Sheisworkinghard，whicheveryonecansee.2/5她工作一直很努力，这是大家有目共睹的。【提示】并非只有which才能引导非限制性定语从句。使用非限制性定语从句时，如果先行词指人，可用who，whom或whose来引导；先行词指物，可用which，whose来引导；先行词表时间或地点，可用when，where来引导(它们在从句中分别作时间状语和地点状语)。二、as和which引导非限制性定语从句时的区别1．as引导非限制性定语从句时，先行词一般为整个主句；而which引导非限制性定语从句时，先行词既可以是整个主句又可以是主句的一部分。2．as引导的从句位置比较灵活，可位于先行词之前、之中和之后，而which引导的从句仅能位于先行词之后。3．as引导从句时常译为“正如”，而which常译为“这；那”。常用句型有：asweallknow，asisknowntoall，aseverybodycansee，asisexpected等。Hedidtheexperimentsuccessfully，ashadbeenexpected.正如期望的那样，他试验做得非常成功。Hefailedintheexperiment，whichwasunexpected.他试验失败了，这是没有料到的。Ⅰ.单项填空1．(2013·江苏高考)ThepresidentoftheWorldBanksayshehasapassionforChina，heremembersstartingasearlyashischildhood.A．whereB．whichC．whatD．when【解析】考查定语从句。先行词为passion，定语从句中缺少宾语，故用关系代词which。【答案】B2．(2013·山东高考)Thereisnosimpleanswer，isoftenthecaseinscience.A．asB．thatC．whenD．where【解析】考查定语从句。此处as引导定语从句指代整个主句内容，含有“正3/5如”之意，定语从句部分译为“在科学上这是常有的事”。【答案】A3．Iamgoingtotheairporttomeetmyuncletomorrowmorning，hewillbebackfromabroad.A．whoB．whenC．whereD．which【解析】when为关系副词，引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词tomorrowmorning；when在从句中作时间状语。【答案】B4．Thereasonherefusedtoattendthemeetingwasthattheydidn'tgivehimaninvitationearlier.A．howB．whichC．whyD．because【解析】句意：他拒绝出席会议的原因是他们没有提前邀请他。herefusedtoattendthemeeting是一个定语从句，修饰先行词thereason，定语从句中不缺少主语或宾语，故用关系副词why引导，why在从句中作原因状语。【答案】C5．TheplaceIvisitedlastsummerisjusttheplaceIspentmychildhood.A．that；whereB．that；thatC．where；whereD．where；that【解析】句意：今年夏天我去参观的那个地方就是我童年待的地方。分析句子结构可知，第一个定语从句的先行词为theplace，从句中缺少visited的宾语，用that/which引导，亦可省略；第二个定语从句的先行词为第二个空前的theplace，从句中缺少状语，用where引导，故A项正确。【答案】A6．Thenewly－builtcafe，thewallsofarepaintedlightgreen，isreallyapeacefulplaceforus，especiallyafterhardwork.4/5A．thatB．itC．whatD．which【解析】从句子结构看，cafe后面为非限制性定语从句，因此只能选择which作thewallsof的宾语，表示“咖啡馆的墙壁”。thewallsofwhich相当于whosewalls。【答案】D7．Johnsaidhe'dbeenworkingintheofficeforanhour，wastrue.A．heB．thisC．whichD．who【解析】指代主句中he'dbeenworkingintheofficeforanhour这一情况，因此只能选择which，在从句中作主语。【答案】C8．Americanwomenusuallyidentifytheirbestfriendassomeonetheycantalkfrequently.A．whoB．asC．aboutwhichD．withwhom【解析】talk作“交谈”讲时，是不及物动词，后接宾语须与适当的介词连用。定语从句的先行词是人，应构成talkwithsb.，此处将介词提前。【答案】D9．Hetookthemachinetoshoweverydetailofitsoperation.A．asB．apartC．awayD．back【解析】句意：他把机器拆开，让大家看操作的每个细节。takeapart“拆开”，符合句意。take...as“把……看作”；takeaway“拿走，带走”；takeback“收回”。【答案】B10．(2011·浙江高考)OneFriday，wewerepackingtoleaveforaweekendawaymydaughterheardcriesforhelp.A．afterB．whileC．sinceD．when5/5【解析】句意：一个周五，我们正在收拾行李，这时我的女儿听到求救的呼喊。bedoing...when...“正在做某事，这时(突然)……”，是常用结构，故选D项。【答案】DⅡ.句型转换1．ItisknowntousthatTaiwanispartofChina.→，TaiwanispartofChina.2．Thisistheroomwhich/thatmygrandmotherusedtolivein.→Thisistheroom．3．HersisterteachesusEnglish，andshewillgoabroadnextyear.→Hersister，，willgoabroadnextyear.4．Wesawafilmlastnight.Itwasveryinteresting.→Thefilmsawlastnightwasveryinteresting.5．Hefailedintheexam.Itmadehisparentsveryangry.→Hefailedintheexam，veryangry.6．Ihavelostthepen.Myfatherboughtitformysixteenthbirthday.→Ihavelostthepenformysixteenthbirthday.7.Thebookisworthreading.Hepaid6yuanforit.→Thebookisworthreading.8．Sheisateacherofmuchknowledge.Muchcanbelearnedfromher.→Sheisateacherofmuchknowledge．【答案】1.Asisknowntous2.inwhich/wheremygrandmotherusedtolive3.whoteachesusEnglish4．that/whichwe5.whichmadehisparents6.that/whichmyfatherbought7.forwhichhepaid6yuan8．fromwhommuchcanbelearned.