笛福—英文简介

GoodMoring英本2班何月AdventureFictionWriters冒险小说家DanielDefoe丹尼尔·笛福InNeoclassicalPeriodDanielDefoe(1660—1731)RichVs.Poor•Experiences•Works•Contributions•Socialposition•EconomypositionLifeExperiences(mainthings)•1660borninLondon(sonofabutcher)hereceivedagoodeducationinoneofthebestDissentingschool,buthegaveuptheideaofbecomingapreacher.•1678-1683traveledinSpain,Italy,FranceandGermanasamerchant.•1688joinedWilliam’sarmyandtookgreatinterestintheestablishmentofthenewgovernment.•1692hebecamebankrupt,within4years,hewasdoingwellasthemanagerofthetilefactory.•1701,TheTruebornEnglishman–ASatirehisbest–knownpamphlet•1703hewasarrestedandpilloried(处以枷刑）•1704hefoundTheReviewandcarrieditto1713•1719publishedRobinsonCrusoe•1731diedLifeExperiences(mainthings)BriefIntroduction•Ajack-of-all-trades:soldier,merchant,economist,politician,publicist,writer,aswellasnovelist.•Ajournalistandapamphleteerwithareporter’seyeforthepicturesqueandanewspaperman'sinstinctfor“makingagoodstory”•Aradicalnonconformist(不信奉英国国教的新教教徒)inreligionhispuritanzealforreformmarksallthisworkaccountforthemoralizingtobefoundeverywhere.•Defoewasonceinprison,andhisprisonexperience,togetherwiththefurtherknowledgeofcriminalsaccountsforhisstoriesofthievesandpirates.Defoe’sNovelsDefoestartedthewritingofnovelswhenhewasnearlysixtyyearsofage.Itwasthenovelthatbuilthisreputationasaworld-knownwriter.Hisnovelsinclude：•TheLifeandStrangeSurprisingAdventuresofRobinsonCrusoe(1719)鲁宾逊漂流记thefirstandmostfamousnovelthebookwhichmakeshimimmortalFatherofEnglishNovelDefoegainedenduringfameforthisnovelOthernovelsfollowedinquicksuccession:•CaptainSingleton(1720)辛格顿船长•JournalofthePlagueYear(1722)大疫年日记•CaptainJack(1722)杰克船长•MollFlanders(1722)摩尔弗兰德•Roxana(1724)罗克珊娜•TheprincipleproblemoftheEnlightenment--influenceofsocietyonman’snature–standsinthecentreofallthesenovels.•ThewritersandphilosophersoftheEnlightenmentheldthatmanisgoodandnoblebynaturebutmaysuccumb（屈服）toanevilenvironment.SodidDefoeinhisnovel.•Inthesenovelsthereaderistakenfromcountryscenestolargecities,fromthethieves’dentothecourtofkings.Andthereadersdrawstheinevitableconclusion:thereisnotheotherbutthattheformerreceivessympathywhichthelatterdoesnot.Theme•Ideas：theEnlightenmentisavaluesystemEnlightenersbelievedthatfreedom,democracyandreasonaretheprimaryvaluesofsociety.Theyalsostronglybelievedinscience.•Representatives：AlexanderPopeSamuelJonsonDanielDefoeEnlightenment——asocialvaluesystem•Time：themiddleofthe17thcenturytothe18thcentury,beginninginFranceandthenspreadthroughoutEurope.•Definition：anexpressionofstruggleoftheprogressiveclassofbourgeoisagainstfeudalism先进的资产阶级反抗封建主义的一种表达OtherWorksNon-fiction:•TheStorm(1704)•AGeneralHistoryofthePirate(1724)Defoe‘sauthorshipofthispseudonymous(匿名的）workisdisputed.•ATourthroughthewholeislandofGreatBritain,dividedintocircuitsorjourneys(1724–1727)Essays:•ConjugalLewdness•SeriousReflectionsofRobinsonCrusoe(1720)•TheCompleteEnglishTradesman•AnEssayUponProjects(1697)《论开发》firstbookhepublished•AnEssayUponLiterature(1726)•MereNatureDelineated(1726)•APlanofEnglishCommerce(1728)WritingFeatures•Languageissmooth,easy,colloquialandmostlyvernacular---commonEnglish.•Oneofthefirsttowritestoriesaboutbelievablecharactersinrealisticsituationsusingsimpleprose.•Defoeglorifieshumanlaborandthepuritanfortitude.Itreferstheenterprisingspiritofthemiddleclass.•Organizingminutedetailsinavividwaythathisstoriescouldbebothcredibleandfascinating.•Sentencesaresometimesshort,crisp,andplain,andsometimeslongandrambling,whichleaveonthereaderanimpressionofcasualnarration.ContributionDanielDefoewasanEnglishwriter,journalist,andpamphleteer(小册子作者),whogainedfameforhisnovelRobinsonCrusoe.Defoeisnotableforbeingoneoftheearliestproponentsofthenovel,ashehelpedtopopularizetheforminBritainandalongwithotherssuchasRichardson,isamongthefounderoftheEnglishnovel.RobinsonCrusoe,however,isnotapropernovel,asitismoreofajournalthananemotionalaccount.Asaprolific（创作丰富的）andversatile（多方面的）writer,hewrotemorethan500books,pamphletsandjournalsonvarioustopics(includingpolitics,crime,religion,marriage,psychologyandthesupernatural).Hewasalsoapioneerofeconomicjournalism.TheReview(1704–1713)ApoliticalandliterarymagazinestartedbyDefoe.这是英国的第一份定期出版的文化和政治刊物，是英国报业的先驱。MemorialtoDanielDefoeBunhillFields,CityRoad,LondonThanksforyourattention