构词法(优质课件)

Grammar构词法(WordFormation)Ifyoumeetthenewwordswhilereading,whatwillyoudo?•It’snotalwaysnecessarytounderstandthemeaningofeveryword,justgoonreading!•Guessthemeaning!Whenwedealwiththeproblemsinreadingcomprehension,wecanusethecontext(上下文，语境)tohelpus,butWordFormationisalsoveryimportant.1.Iwillnotmakefriendswithadishonestperson.2.Whenthelittleboyfinished,hisfatherwasspeechless.3.Abad-lookingpickpocketstolemywallet根据构词法猜词首先要熟悉基本的构词法及其规律,其次要掌握一定的词根和词缀。如:un-,im-,mis-,-less,-ness等。dis+honest不诚实的speech+less说不出话的pick+pocket扒手构词法派生法（Derivation）合成法(Compounding)转化法（Conversion）缩略法（Abbreviation）ableunable;teachteacherspace+shipspaceshipvisitv.visitn.Doityourself.DIY合成词Compoundpain-killer＋＝＋＝color-blind＋＝sleep-walksleep-walker一、合成法（Compounding）highwaywaiting-roomkind-hearted把两个或两个以上独立的词合成一个新词。合成词汇展厅1.合成名词2.合成动词3.合成形容词4.合成副词5.合成代词CompoundNounsFormationExampleMeaningn.+n.teapotlandowner茶壶adj.+n.midnightshort-wave半夜v-ing+n.waiting-roomhiding-place地主短波等候室藏身处WordStudyCompoundNounsFormationExampleMeaningn.+v-inghorse-ridinghandwritingv.+adv.watchoutbreakoutadv.+vincomeoutbreak骑马书法监视爆发收入爆发n.＋v.:snowfall下雪n.＋prep.＋n.:daughter-in-law儿媳prep.＋n.:afternoon下午p.p.+adv.:grown-up成年人v.+n.：typewriter打字机ExtrawuxizhongxueCompoundVerbsFormationExampleMeaningadv.+V.overthrowunderstandadj.+V.broadcastwhitewashn.+V.typewritesleepwalk推翻理解广播粉刷打字梦游wuxizhongxueCompoundadjectivesFormationExampleMeaningadj.+n.-edwarm-heartedwarm-bloodedadj.+v-inggood-lookingfunny-lookingadv.+v-inghard-workinglow-lying热情的温血的好看的滑稽的勤劳的低洼的WordStudyCompoundadjectivesFormationExampleMeaningn.+v-ingEnglish-speakingsouth-facingadv.+p.p.well-knowndeep-set出名的n.+p.p.heart-brokensnow-covered被雪覆盖的伤心的讲英语的朝南的深陷的adv./adj.+n.right-hand右手的full-time专职的number+n.100-meter100米的million-pound百万英镑的number+n.+adj.180-foot-high180英寸高的10-year-old10岁的number+n.+-edfour-footed/legged四脚的one-eyed独眼龙的n.+adj.snow-white雪白的day-long整天的Extra4.合成副词however;无论如何，不管怎样构成方式1．副词＋副词anywhere;无论哪里构成方式1．代词＋副词downstairs下楼upstairs上楼构成方式3．副词＋名词Anyway不管怎样，无论如何形容词＋名词5.合成代词something;某事，某物everything;每件事，事事nobody;没有人，小人物someone;某人，有人构成方式：some/any/no+thing/one/body1.Aplanecrashedtheotherdayandtheblackboxhasnotbeenfoundyet.2.Itisharmfultoovereatoroversleep.Readthefollowingsentencesandstudythecolouredwords.3.Someofthenationaldishesmaybeworld-famous.4.Themiddle-agedladywhowritesright-handedbutplaystennisleft-handedisournewheadteacher.Applyingtheruletypetaxsunpostsuitcodecasewriterburntpayertypewritertaxpayersunburntpostcodesuitcase打字员纳税人晒黑的邮政编码手提箱crosswalkwindbestundermanbreakerwearroadsellercrossroadwalkmanwindbreakerbestsellerunderwear随身听防风衣畅销书内衣裤交叉路1)Thefirelastedabout4hoursbeforethe________couldcontrolit.2)Atschoolsheformedaclose_________withseveralothergirls.3)Theydecidetospendtheirholidayatthe_______.4)Heputonahatand________beforehewentout.5)Theyoftenperforminthestreetsforthe_________.6)I’msureyouwillbe__________soon.passers-bywell-knownfirefightersfriendshipseasideovercoat1.Makecompoundwordsafterthemodels.A:passer,well,sea,fire,over,friend,B:by,known,side,fighter,coat,ship,Model:part+time=part-time2.Fillintheblankswiththewordsabove.Nevertroubletroubleuntiltroubletroublesyou.转化法Conversion转化法概念方式英语中有些单词,词形不变,词性却可以由一种转化成另一种。一个单词由某一种词类转用为另一种词类,这就是转化。单词转换后的意义往往与未转换前的意义有密切的联系。1.名词和动词之间的转化2.形容词转化为动词3.名词转化为形容词(副词)4.形容词转化为名词转化法（Conversion）tastev.尝起来n.味道Ithasagoodtaste.Ittastesverygood.handn.手v.递送wrongadj.错误的n.错的事Wealwayswalkhandinhand.Pleasehandmethebook.Thereissomethingwrongwiththecar.Hedidn’tknowthedifferencebetweenrightandwrong.cleanadj.干净v.清扫Pleasekeeptidyandclean.Youhavetocleantheblackboardafterclass.名词转化为动词形容词转化为动词名词转化为形容词副词转换为动词telephone电话→打电话slow慢的→放慢front前面→前面的down向下→击倒hand手→交给warm暖的→使温暖black黑色→黑色的back向后→后退record录音→记录empty空的→倒空noble贵族→高贵的up向上→提高date日期→定日期better较好→改善key钥匙→关键的name名字→命名cool凉爽→使冷face脸→面对动词转化为名词动词转化为形容词形容词转化为名词一些形容词前加the后转换为名词drink喝→饮料perfect使完善→完美的chief主要的→首领thewounded受伤的人们study学习→书房fit适合→适合的first第一的→第一个theblind盲人们lookat→havealookatwrong错误的→错误thebeautiful美丽的东西转化法例释Excercise1.JimdreamsofbeingthebestfootballplayerinEngland.2.Pleasestophere,anditisthebusstop3.Thecoachwasquestioningtheteammembersabouttheirpracticeconditions4.Who’sguardingthatbuilding?5.Thecarsloweddowntohalfitsspeed6.Don’tusetoocoldwatertowaterflowers7.Theoldinourvillagearelivingahappylife.三、派生法（Derivation）由词根(root)加前缀（prefix）或后缀（suffix）构成新词。e.g加前缀：happy---___happy加后缀：develop---develop_______既加前缀又加后缀：employ---____employ_______Attention:前缀一般只改变词义,不改变词类;后缀一般只改变词类,不引起词义变化派生法Derivation派生法前缀后缀否定前缀其他前缀名词后缀形容词后缀副词后缀动词后缀否定前缀其他前缀常见的否定前缀中学英语课本中有许多单词带有否定前缀，如果能理解这些否定前缀的含义，使用和记忆单词是很有帮助的。否定前缀加在一个词的前面就完全改变或否定了这个词的原来意义。前缀意义用法例词un-不，未（=not)加在形容词或副词前unhappy,unnecessary,untouched,unexpected,unusual,undoubtedly,相反动作加在动词前uncover,untie,unwrap,unlock,undressin-，il-im-，ir-不，非，无加在形容词或其派生的名词或副词前inattentive,incomplete,impossible.impolite,irregular,inability,inactiondis-表示否定加在名词或形容词前dishonour,disease表示相反加在动词前dislike,disbelieve表示分离剥夺除去加在名词或动词前discharge,dismissmis-表示错、误加在名词、动词或及其派生词前mistake,misfortune,misread,misunderstandingII.构词法专练。给下列单词加上前缀dis-,un-,in-或im-,构成意思相反的词。1.agree__