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定语从句（theattributiveclause）一．什么叫定语从句？一个句子作定语就叫定语从句。二．定语从句的结构及种类1.结构：关系词+主语+谓语+其它2.种类：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句三．关系词的分类及关系词1.关系代词：who，whom,whose,that,which,as2.关系副词：when，where，why四．关系词的功用1.起连接作用，引导定语从句2.在定语从句中作一个成分——主语，宾语，状语，定语，表语。五．什么是先行词？被定语从句所修饰的词是先行词。六．关系词的用法1.who当先行词是指人得名词或代词，而且关系词在句中作主语时，选who。TheboywhoisstandingoverthereisTom.Hewhodoesn’treachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.2.whom当先行词是指人得名词，而且关系词在句中作主语时，选whom.ThisisourEnglishteacherwhomeverybodylikes.3.whose①当先行词是指人的名词，而且关系词在句中作定语时，选whose.Thisismydeskmatewhosefatherworksinafactory.②当先行词是指物的名词，而且关系在句中作定语时，选whose.Westudyinaclassroomwhosewindowsfacetothesouth.4.that①当先行词是指物的名词，关系词在句中作主语时，选that.Thisisamachinethatcanwalk.②当先行词是指物的名词，关系词在句中作宾语时，选that.另外，that可以省略。Ilikethepresent(that)myfathersentme.③当先行词是指人的名词，关系词也可选用that=whoTheboythat/whoisplayingfootballontheplaygroundismybrother.5.which当先行词是指物的名词时，关系词也可选用which，它在句中作主语或宾语，which=that6.下列情况下，关系词只能选用that①当先行词为不定代词something,anything,nothing,everything时IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?②当先行词为不定代词all时Mr.Lidoesallthathecantodohisworkwell.③当先行词被all,some,any修饰时TheseareallthethingsthatIhavedonetoday.④当先行词被theonly,thevery修饰时Thisistheonlycomputerthatheoftenturnstoforhelp.⑤当先行词被序数词，形容词最高级修饰时Thisisthecleaningroomthatyoucanseehere.⑥time作先行词，前面有序数词或last修饰时ThisisthelasttimethatI’llgiveyoupocketmoney.⑦尽管先行词指人，但关系词在句中作表语时。Heisnolongerthechildthatheusedtobe20yearsago⑧以who开头的特殊疑问句，尽管先行词指人。Whoisthepersonthatissittingontheground?⑨当先行词包括人和物时。7.下列情况下，关系词只能选which①在非限制性定语从句中。Thisismyfavoritepen,whichIboughtyesterday.②先行词不是一个词，而是前面整个句子的概念时Theboyisverypolite,whichmakeshisparentshappy.③当先行词指物，用“介词+which”ThisisthepenwithwhichIoftenwrite.8.asAs引导定语从句时，有四种情况。As在句中作主语，宾语。①as单独引导定语从句。Asweallknow(=Asisknowntousall),YaoMingisafamousbasketballplayer.②thesame…as…与…一样Ihavethesameideaasyou.③such…as…和…一样Don’treadsuchabookasyoucan’tunderstand.④as…as…和…一样Inthislibrary,youcanborrowasmanybooksasyoucan.9.where①当先行词是指地点的名词，而且关系副词在句中作状语时，选where，where=介词+whichThisistheclassroomwherewestudy.②尽管先行词是指地点的名词，但关系词在句中作主语，宾语时，只能选that/which.Thisisthefactorythat/whichmakespaperThisisthefactory(that/which)wevisitedyesterday.③尽管先行词是指地点的名词，关系词在句中作主语，宾语，但非限制性定语从句只能用whichThisistheschool,whichhevisited.④theone是代词，代替前面的名词，其后的that/which往往省略。Isthisfactorytheoneyouvisited?⑤当situation,job,mark,race,point等模糊概念的名词，关系词在句中作状语时，选whereYou’dbettermakeamarkwhereyouhaveanyquestions.⑥尽管先行词是指地点的名词，关系词在句中作状语，但定语从句末有介词时，选which。Thisisthelabwhichwedoexperimentsin.10.when①当先行词是指时间的名词，而且关系副词在句中作状语时，选when，when=介词+whichWewillneverforgetthedayswhenwestayedwithMr.Smith.②尽管先行词是指时间的名词，但关系词在句中作主语，宾语时，选that或which。Mondayisthedaywhich/thatcomesbeforeTuesday.Wewillneverforgetthedays(that/which)wespentwithhim.③尽管先行词是指时间的名词，关系词在句中作主语，宾语，但非限制性定语从句只能选which。Wednesdayistheday,whichcomesbeforeThursday.④one作替代词，代替前面表示时间的名词，其后的that/which往往省略。Thatwasanexcitingmoment,oneIwillrememberforever.⑤time作先行词，前面有序数词或last时，只能选that。Isthisthethirdtimethatyouhavebeenlateforschoolthisweek?11.why①当先行词是指表示原因的名词reason时，如果关系副词作状语，选why，why=forwhich.ThisisthereasonwhyIdidn’tattendthemeetingyesterday.②当先行词是表示原因的名词reason时，如果关系副词在句中作宾语，选that/which,也可省略。Myparentsdidn’tbelievethereason(that/which)Igivehim.七．介词+which/whom1.介词+which/whom①介词的选择根据下面四种情况a.根据定语从句中的谓语动词Whoisthepersonwithwhomyoushookhandsjustnow?b.根据定语从句中的形容词InlearningEnglish,hehadtwothingsaboutwhichhewasnotsure.c.根据定语从句所修饰的先行词ThisisthebikebywhichIgotoschool.d.根据句意。Thisisthetrainonwhichheworks.②如果关系词指人，选whom，如果关系词指物，选which。2.不定代词+of+which/whom常用的不定代词有：both,neither,either(两者之一)，all,none,many,most,some,anyMr.Lihastwosons,bothofwhomarecollegestudents.Thereare10.000booksinthislibrary,mostofwhichareinteresting.3.数词，分词，百分数+of+which/whomThereare50studentsinourclass,twothirdsofwhomaregirls.4.the+名词+of+which=whose+名词Hehasjustboughtamagazine,thecoverofwhich(=whosecover)ismissing.5.介词+whose+名词Thisisourschoolteachingbuilding,onwhosetopthereisaredflag.八．非限制性定语从句如果主语和定语从句之间有个逗号，它就是非限制性定语从句。引导非限制性的定语从句的关系词有：which，who,when,where,why,whom,whose.九．分隔性的定语从句有时定语从句和先行词之间被其他词隔开，把这种从句叫分隔性的定语从句。ThedaysaregonewhenChinausedforeignoil.=GonearethedayswhenChinausedforeignoil.十．Theway作先行词，引导定语从句的关系词有三种情况：that,inwhich省略。Idon’tliketheway___D___youdothings.A.thatB.inwhichC.×D.alloftheabove十一.Oneof+the+复数名词+定语从句，谓语动词用复数，theonlyoneof+the复数名词+定语从句，谓语动词用单数。Heisoneoftheteachersinourschoolwhoteachwell.Heistheonlyoneoftheteachersinourschoolwhoteacheswell.十二.在定语从句中，谓语动词的单数，复数依据它所修饰的先行词。I,whoamyourteacher,willhelpyouwitheverything.Hewhobreakstheschoolrulesshouldbepunished.Thosewhobreaktheschoolrulesshouldbepunished.Anyonewhobreakstheschoolrulesshouldbepunished.十三.定语从句和并列句的区别非限制性的定语从句和主语之间有一个逗号，并列句的结构式单句+并列连词（and,or.so,but）+简单句.Ihavemanyfriends,allofwhomarekindtome.Ihavemanyfriendsandallofthemarekindtome.