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虚拟语气:表示说的话不是事实，不可能发生或者说可能性很小的情况，表达一种愿望、建议、假设。一、条件状语从句中的用法从句谓语形式主句谓语形式现在were/didwould/could/should(+not)+do过去haddonewould/could/should/might(not)+havedone将来1.were/did2.shoulddo3.weretodowould/could/should/might(not)+do简单记法：ifwere/did,woulddoifhaddone,wouldhavedoneifweretodo/shoulddo,woulddo举例：IfIwereyou,Iwoulddonothingaboutit.Ifyouhadtakenyourteacher’sadvice,youwouldn’thavemadesuchamistake.Ifitwereto/shouldraintomorrow(表示降水率很低)，theywouldn’tgoshopping.附注：虚拟语气，条件状从倒装状语从句中，去掉if,提前were/had/should如：IfIwereyou,Iwouldgiveup.→WereIyou,IwouldgiveupIfyouhadtakentheadvice,youwouldhave….→Hadyoutakentheadvice,youwouldhave…Iftheworldshouldcometoanend,……→Shouldtheworldcometoanend……另外，without,butfor,otherwise构成的条件状语从句中，也有含蓄的虚拟语气Butforthepopularizationofelectricity,wewouldleadawholedifferentlifetoday.(popularization普及，publicity宣传)Withoutyourhelp,Iwouldhavefailed.We’llgoearlier,otherwisewewouldn’tgetaseat.（表示可能性小）但其实，高中英语考试也常考：错综虚拟语气条件句即：假设条件状从发生的时间与所假设的谓语动词不一致，此时，主句和从句要根据各自的时间而定。举例：Ifourgovernmenthadknownbetterhowtolayouttheroadconstruction,thetrafficjamproblemwouldnotbesoserioustoday.(layout规划、设计、安排、陈设、摆放…layoutn.布局、规划)二、特殊句式：1.wish+宾语从句现在Were／did过去Haddone将来Would/could/mightdo去掉shouldIwishmyparentswouldn’tpunishme.IwishIhadn’tmadesuchanirrevocablemistake.(irrevocable不可撤销、不可以挽回的)2.「十个词」一坚持：insist（表示坚持主张、认为，不表示坚持说）二命令：order,command三建议：advise,propose,suggest（表示建议，不表示表明、显示、暗示）四要求：desire,demand,require,request(两R两D)这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用(should+)do的形式should可省略例：WesuggestedthatTom（should）havearest.It’ssuggestedthattheplanbecarriedoutbeforelong.(beforelong,不久之后,longbefore很久以前)尝试翻译：他坚决要求我到场同时，这些动词的名词形式构成的名词性从句（主语从句、表语从句、同位语）也要用虚拟语气order,advice,suggestion,proposal,demand,request,desire.例It’sanorderthatthesoldiersobeytherulesinthearmy.Mysuggestionisthateveryoneofusthreefinishonepartofthisprojectandthenweintegratethemtogether.(integrate整合)3.wouldrather宁愿从句当中谓语形式现在过去时过去过去完成时将来过去时Iwouldratheryoupaidmenow.Iwouldratheryouhadbeentothemovieinsteadofme.Don’tcometoday,Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.4.部分Asif/though句子好像、似乎Tomtoldmethisfairytaleinamannerasifithadhappenedforrealyesterday.5.Ifonly…….要是…就好了从句中谓语动词形式：现在过去式过去HaddoneIfonlysheknewthatit'sIwhosentthegifttoher.6.It’s(about/high)timethat是时候做……+1、过去式2、shoulddoIt'stimethatyouwenttobed.说到这里，补充两个句式：Itisthe1st(2nd/3rd)timethat…have/hasdone….Itwasthe1sttimethat…haddone….7.It’snecessary/strange/natural/important/essentialthat…….从句动词用(should)doIt’sessentialthatwemasteraforeignlanguagewhendoinginternationaltradeandbusiness.(essential必要的、本质的、基本的…..)8.情态动词+havedonewouldhavedone本来要做couldhavedone本能够做（却没做）mighthavedone本来可能should/oughttohavedone本来应该做shouldn’t/oughtn’ttohavedone本来不应该做needn’thavedone本来不必要做你本来不应该告诉她真相。当时我没有足够的钱，否则我会买那本书的。练习：1.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit_______.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken2.Hetalkedasifhe______foryears.A.islivingthereB.waslivingthereC.haslivedthereD.hadlivedthere.3.______youlistenedtothedoctor,you______allrightnow.A.Had,wouldbeB.Had,wouldhavebeenC.If,wouldbeD.If,wouldhavebeen4.Iftherewerenosubjunctivemood,English_______mucheasier.A.willbeB.wouldbeC.couldhavebeenD.wouldhavebeen5.______today,hewouldgettherebyFriday.(双选)A.HadheleftB.WasheleavingC.WerehetoleaveD.IfheleaveE.Wouldheleave6.Hetreatedmeasthough____hisownson.A.IamB.IwouldbeC.IwasD.Iwere7._________Ibefreetomorrow,IcouldgowithyouA.CouldB.ShouldC.MightD.Must8.Shoulditrain,thecrops__________A.wouldbesavedB.wouldhavebeensavedC.willbesavedD.hadbeensaved9.HaveyoueverbeentoTokyo?----No.butIwishI______.A.haveB.willC.doD.had10.IwishI_______therethen.A.wasB.wereC.hadbeenD.wouldbe11.Shewassoupsetthatsheburstintotears.Iwouldratheryou_______herallaboutit,Adidn’ttellB.hadn’ttoldB.don’ttellD.won’ttell12.Theyoungmaninsistedthathe__________nothingwrongand______freeA.did;setB.haddone;shouldbesetC.shoulddo;besetD.haddone;mustbeset13.Hemadethedemandthatthejournalists_____atonce______IraqA.leave;forB.leave;toC.left;toD.tobeleft;for14.Theguardatthegateinsistedthateverybody_____therules.A.obeysB.obey15.It’stimethatwe_____tobed.A.mustgoB.willgoC.wentD.havegone16.IfonlyI_________mywatch.A.hadn’tlostB.haven’tlostC.didn’tD.don’t17.IfonlyI_______asyoungasyouare.A.beingB.amC.beD.wereE.was18.Afewminutesearlierandwe______thetrain.(双选)A.havecaughtB.hadcaughtC.weretocatchD.couldhavecaughtE.wouldhavecaught19.Doyouknowwherehecomesfrom?No,buthisaccentsuggeststhathe_____fromthesouth.A.wasB.beC.isD.were20.Iwasquitebusyyesterday,otherwiseI_______tothemeeting.A.cameB.wouldcomeC.hadcomeD.wouldhavecome