初中英语基础语法课件

初中英语基础语法一、词类名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词1.名词名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy,morning,bag,ball,class,orange.1.1名词的分类英语名词可分为专有名词和普通名词两大类。1）专有名词:是国名、地名、人名、团体、机构等的专用名称。专有名词中实词的第一个字母要大写。如：Beijing,Tom,thePeople’sRepublicofChina(中华人民共和国)1.1名词的分类2）普通名词：是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词。如：pupil,family,man,foot,sadness,hope,friendship1.1名词的分类普通名词又分为可数名词和不可数名词。▲可数名词:是可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词如:box,child,orange；▲不可数名词：是不可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词。如：water,news,oil,population,information.1.2名词复数的变化1.可数名词的复数：规则变化/不规则变化（1）规则变化形式：名词的复数形式，一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es。1)一般情况在词尾加-smap-maps,book-books,truth-truths2)以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名词后加-esbus-buses,class-classes,box-boxes,watch-watches,dish-dishes3)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i加-esparty-parties,family-families,story-stories,city-cities,baby-babies练一练lemon---__________beach---_______class---_______fox---_______library---_______butterfly---_______baby---_____day---_____pencil---_________watch---_______lemonsbeachesclassesfoxeslibrariesbutterfliesbabieswatchesdayspencilssurvey----subway----apartment----identity----parcel----fee----track----surveyssubwaysapartmentsidentitiesparcelsfeestracks1.---CanIhelpyou?---Three_______(doll),please.2.Ilike____________(strawberry)becausetheyaresweetandjuicy.3.Idon’tlike_______(fly)becausetheyareuglyanddirty.4.Theycomefromdifferent_________(country).dollsstrawberriesfliescountries4)以-f或-fe结尾的名词一般变-f或-fe为v再加-esleaf-leavesthief-thievesknife-kniveswife-wiveshalf-halves5)有些以-f或-fe结尾的名词直接加-schief-chiefsroof-roofspotato-potatoestomato-tomatoesradio-radioszoo-zoos6)以辅音字母加-o结尾的名词一般加-es，以元音字母加-o结尾的名词加-spotato-potatoestomato-tomatoesradio-radios,zoo-zoos*piano-pianosphoto-photos构成方法例词一般情况在词尾加-smap-maps,book-books,truth-truths以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名词后加-esbus-buses,class-classes,box-boxes,watch-watches,dish-dishes以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i加-esparty-parties,family-families,story-stories,city-cities,baby-babies以-f或-fe结尾的名词一般变-f或-fe为v再加-esleaf-leaves,thief-thieves,knife-knives,wife-wives,half-halves有些以-f或-fe结尾的名词直接加-schief-chiefs,proof-proofs,roof-roofs以辅音字母加-o结尾的名词一般加-es，以元音字母加-o结尾的名词加-shero-heroes,potato-potatoes,tomato-tomatoes,piano-pianos,radio-radios,zoo-zoos综合挑战，你敢接吗？planebrushchurchpianoshelfthiefradiosubwaytomatophotooxherolaundrysesess--shelves--thievesssesseses--laundries游戏规则：1.游戏分为必答题和抢答题，答题者举手示意。2.最先举手者获得答题权，答对该组加一分，答错不扣分，两轮答题结束后，得分最高组获胜。3.获胜组可要求其他组的任意两人课后准备英语绕口令或笑话，下节课当众讲给大家听。4.答题者在答题前需说：Iam.../Mynameis...要求：不得翻阅笔记，各组互相监督，发现一次扣1分。答题者一旦说出可，不得更改，更改无效！必答题：每组轮流答题，限时5秒。答不上来则下一组回答，答对组加分。示范：cat----cats答题者说出名词复数后要拼写正确，否则不计分需要记分员和主持人一名要求：1.记分员和主持人要本着公平公正的原则，不得有人和私心，其他组成员发现有不公平现象，经大家同意，给记分员和主持人所在组减分。2.记分员和主持人若想参与游戏，可与本组人员交换busbusespotatopotatoesboyboysfamilyfamilieszoozooscountrycountrieswatchwatchestomatotomatoeschiefchiefsknifeknivescitycitiesbrushbrushesradioradiospotatopotatoesroofroofsshelfshelvesstrawberrystrawberriesleafleavesIwehisthemerasererasersheroheroesdishdishesdaydays抢答题：答题者举手示意，最先举手者获得答题权，有扰乱秩序现象记分员可酌情减分！注：单词前有+的，答题者说出单词意思，加0.5分。+puppypuppies+oxoxesstorystories+wolfwolves+flyflies+diarydiaries+itemitems+highwayhighways+beachbeaches+overcoatovercoatsstudentstudents+curtaincurtainspianopianospeachpeaches答题者能准确说出句子意思，可加1分LilyandLucyaremy____________(classmate).classmatesHowmany___________(subway)arethereinShenZhen?subwaysThe______(leaf)turngreeninspring.leavesThereare______(photo)onthewall.Theyareverybeautiful.photos1.2名词复数的变化（2）不规则变化形式1）单复数同形：sheep---sheepfish---fishChinese,Japanesefish---fishesfish（不可数）fish---fish2)元音字母oo变为eetooth---teethfoot---feet3)变man为menman---menwoman---womenpoliceman---policemenpolicewoman---policewomen4)其他形式childmouse---mice---children注意：1.有些名词单复数异义glassglassespaperpapers2.有些名词只有复数形式clothestrousers不可数名词waterricebread注：不可数名词要表示数量，需借助量词一瓶水：一碗米饭：一杯咖啡：abottleofwaterabowlofriceacupofcoffeeman_____woman_____child___foot______this_____paper_________juice__________water____________rice________sheep___________deer__________fish___________menwomenchildrenfeetthesepapersaglassofjuiceabottleofwaterabowlofricesheepdeerfishChineseEnglishmanFrenchmanSwisspolicewomanJapanese