汉译英之区分主从

第三篇汉译英常用技巧第七章区分主从第七章区分主从•7.1行为与方式的主从•7.2目的与手段的主从•7.3结果与原因的主从•7.4偏正复句的翻译•7.5从属式连动句的翻译7.1行为与方式的主从E.g.•1.游行的人拿着鲜花和彩旗走过天安门广场。TheparadesmarchedthroughTiananmenSquare,carryingflowersandbannersintheirhands.•2.西湖如明镜,千峰叠翠,洞壑幽深,风光奇丽。TheWestLakeislikeamirror,embellishedallaroundwithgreenhillsanddeepcavesofenchantingbeauty.7.2目的与手段的主从E.g.•1.你可以运用词干和构词法的知识,猜测生词的意思。Usingwhatyouknowofwordandformations,youcanmakeaguessatthemeaningofanewword.•2.学生们听录音学习英语发音。StudentslearnEnglishpronunciationbylisteningtorecords.7.3结果与原因的主从E.g.•1.电子表价格便宜,计时准确，在我们生活中使用的越来越广泛。Electronicswatches,beingcheapandaccurate,arefindingwiderandwideruseinourlife.•2.你站在风里，就会感到有一股力在推你。Standinginawind,youwillfeelaforcepushingagainstyou.7.4偏正复句的翻译1.时间关系：当…时,之前,之后as,when,before,after2.目的关系:为了,以便,以免,inorderto/that,sothat,incase,lest3.假设关系:如果，即使if/when4.转折让步关系:虽然…但是,尽管…可是but,although,despite5.条件关系:如果…就,无论…都only…if,nomatter6.因果关系:因为…所以because/soE.g.•1.卢沟桥事变爆发之前，第二次世界大战还未全面展开。BeforetheLugouqiaoIncidenttookplace,WorldWarIIhadnotyetreacheditsfullscope.•2.为了更好的了解中国，许多外国人学起了汉语。InordertogainabetterunderstandingofChina,manyforeignershavebeguntostudytheChineselanguage.•3.假若哥伦布没有发现新大陆，别人也会发现的。EvenifColumbushadnotdiscoveredthecontinentofAmerica,somebodyelsemighthavediscoveredit.•4.虽说他英语不怎么好，但也还能叫人听得懂。ThoughhedoesnotspeakEnglishwell,hestillcanmakehimselfunderstood.E.g.•5.只要肯下功夫，哪有学不会的道理？Anyonecanlearnaslongashemakesaneffort.•6.由于我过分激动，以致把要讲的话丢掉了一大半。IwassoexcitedthatIforgotmorethanhalfofwhatIintendedtosay.E.g.7.5从属式连动句的翻译•1.复杂的计算我们可以用计算机进行，它能迅速地求出准确的答案。（因果关系）Incomplicatedcalculationwecanuseacomputer,becauseitquicklygivesusanexactsolution.•2.小国人民敢于起来斗争，敢于拿起武器，掌握自己国家的命运，就一定能够战胜大国的侵略。（条件关系）Thepeopleofasmallcountrycancertainlydefeataggressionbyabigcountry,ifonlytheydaretoriseinstruggle,daretotakeuparmsandgraspintheirownhandsthedestinyoftheirowncountry.TranslationExercise1.诗中有画,画中有诗。2.跑了和尚跑不了庙。3.弄得不好，就会前功尽弃。4.早早献关，绕你性命！倘若迟误，粉身碎骨！5.这帮歹徒持枪劫车杀人越货，受到了法律严厉的制裁。Key1.Thereispoetryinthepaintings,andtherearepaintingsinthepoetry.2.Themonkmayrunaway,butthetempleremains.3.Ifthingsarenotproperlyhandled,alloureffortsareinvain.4.Ifyougiveupthepass,Imayspareyourlife;ifyoudelay,Iwillgrindyourbonestopowderandmakemincemeatofit.5.Thisgangofruffianshavebeenseverelypunishedbylaw,becausetheyusedtohijacktrucksandlootthegoodsbykillingdriverswithguns.