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Image&SymbolImage意象•----Therepresentationofsenseexperiencethroughfigurativelanguage.•Oneimageisfrequentlytheresultofthecooperationoftheseveralsenses.•Visual----Pertainingtosight•Olfactory----Pertainingtosmell•Tactile----Pertainingtotouch•Auditory----Pertainingtohearing•Gustatory----Pertainingtotaste•Eg:Spring•Visualsense----Greengrass&trees•Auditorysense----Twitteringbirds&whisperingbrooks•Olfactorysense----Sweetflowers&freshair•Gustatorysense----Deliciousfruits&vegetablesavailableinspring•Tactilesense----Supplebranches&twigs•Kinestheticsense----Flutteringmovementofbutterfliesintheair•Image----thesoulOf•Language----thebodyPoetryImagery•----Ameaningfulwholeformedbyalltheimagesinapoem.•Functions:•①Creatingtheatmosphere;•②Providinganinternalpattern;•③Focusingthethemeofthepoem.•①Creatingtheatmosphere•Eg:•Onceuponamidnightdreary,whileIpondered,•weakandweary,•Overmanyaquaintandcuriousvolumeof•forgottenlore,•WhileInodded,nearlynapping,suddenlythere•cameatapping,•Asifsomeonegentlyrapping,rappingat•mychamberdoor.•“Tissomevisitor,”Imuttered,“tappingat•mychamberdoor----•Onlythis,andnothingmore.”•----ThefirststanzainPoe’s“TheRaven”•Adrearymidnight;•Awearyyoungmanbyhimself;readingsomeunusualancientbookoflegendaryhappenings;indrowsiness;•Tappingatthedoor.SettingupaGothicatmosphere.•②Providinganinternalpoem.•Eg:•“BecauseIcouldnotstopforDeath----•Hekindlystoppedforme----•TheCarriageheldbutjustOurselves----•AndImmortality.•Weslowlydrove----Heknewnohaste•AndIhadputaway•Mylaborandmyleisuretoo,•ForHisCivility----•WepassedtheSchool,whereChildrenstrove•AtRecess----intheRing----•WepassedtheFieldsofGazingGrain----•WepassedtheSettingSun----•Orrather----HepassedUs----•TheDewsdrewquiveringandchill----•ForonlyGossamer,myGown----•MyTippet----onlyTulle----•WepausedbeforeaHousethatseemed•AswellingoftheGround----•TheRoofwasscarcelyvisible----•TheCornice----intheGround----•Sincethen----‘tisCenturies----andyet•FeelsshorterthantheDay•IfirstsurmisedtheHorses’Heads•WeretowardEternity----”•Theimageofdeath,personifiedbycapitalizationdrivingacarriageForetellingthepoem----a“journeypoem”Pre-orientatingtheinterpretationof“theSchool”“Children”“theSettingSun”“SwellingoftheGround”Theimagesgovernedbytheimageof“Death”.Constitutetheinternalpatternofthepoem.Largelydeterminetheinterpretationofthewholepoem.•③Focusingthethemeofthepoem.•Eg:TheRoadNotTaken(RobertFrost)•Tworoadsdivergedinayellowwood,•AndsorryIcouldnottravelboth•Andbeonetraveler,longIstood•AndlookeddownoneasfarasIcould•Towhereitbentintheundergrowth;•Thentooktheother,asjustasfair,•Andhavingperhapsthebetterclaim,•Becauseitwasgrassyandwantedwear;•Thoughasforthat,thepassingthere•Haswornthemreallyaboutthesame.•Andboththatmorningequallylay•Inleavesnostephadtroddenblack.•Oh,Ikeptthefirstforanotherday!•Yetknowinghowwayleadsontoway,•IdoubtedifIshouldevercomeback.•Ishallbetellingthiswithasigh•Somewhereagesandageshence:•Tworoadsdivergedinawood,andI----•Itooktheonelesstraveledby,•Andthathasmadeallthedifference.Theimageoftheroadsbringsthethemeofthepoemintofocus.“Road”----LifeChoice•2.Symbol象征•----Aspecialkindofimage,foritexceedstheimageintherichnessofitsconnotations.•IMAGERY:Languagethatappealstothesenses.Descriptionsofpeopleorobjectsstatedintermsofoursenses.•Imageryiswhenawriterusesthesenses•tomakepicturesinthereader’smind.•Thefundamentaldifferencebetweenanimageandasymbolisthatan•imageactuallyresembleswhatitrepresents.•Asymbol,however,neitherresemblesnoriscausallyconnectedwithwhatitrepresents.•Imagesarenon-arbitraryshapes,theshapeofanimageisareplicaoftheactualobject.•Alternativleysymbolsarearbitraryshapestowhichwegivemeaning.Forexamplethesymbol-DOG-doesinnowayresembleafourleggedanimalwhichbarks!•Howeverthewaysymbolsareinterpretedisheavilydependentuponcontext,environment,cultureetc.Nosymbolhasafixedorinherentmeaning.•ForexamplePLAINhasadifferentrmeaningdependingonthecontextitisin-i.e.THEFOODTASTESVERYPLAINandTHESUNSHONEONTHEDESERTEDPLAIN.•ToEnglishpeoplethesymbolCHATmeanstotalk,whereastheFrenchtakeittomeanwhatwecallacat.•意象运用：透过具体可见的形象，以传达幽微、复杂、不可见的感觉经验。类似意象的重复出现，往往会凝塑出象征和暗示的效果。（如张爱玲小说中的「日」、「月」和「镜子」；白先勇〈永远的尹雪艳〉中的「白色」意象；锺阿城〈棋王〉中「棋」的意象；朱玖辉〈三十三岁ＣＤ的多余周末和吊娃娃机的光荣〉中各类的数字意象等）。•楼下那口听话的钟，开始响起用膳的信号。钟声传来，一家之主把他的双手插进缀有铜扣的蓝色大衣后面的大口袋里，不等钟声再响，便独自大步走下楼梯，回头对四个女的皱了皱眉。（撒克里《浮华世界》）•由四川过湖南去，靠东有一条官路。这将近湘西边境，到了一个地方名叫「茶峒」的小山城时，有一小溪，溪边有座白色小塔，塔下住了一户单独的人家。这人家只一个老人，一个女孩子，一只黄狗。（翠翠）人又那么乖，和山头黄麂一样，从不想到残忍的事，从不发愁，从不动气。远处鼓角已起来了，她知道绘有朱红长线的龙船这时节已下河了。细雨还依然落个不止，溪面一片烟。可是到了冬天，那倒圯坍了的白塔，又重新修好了，那个在月下唱歌、使翠翠在睡梦里为歌声把灵魂轻轻浮起的青年还不曾回到荼峒来。……这个人也许永远不会回来了，也许明天回来！（沈从文《边城》）•振保听见烟鹂进房来，才踏进房门，他便把小柜上的台灯热水瓶一扫扫下地去，豁朗朗跌得粉碎。他弯腰拣起台灯的铁座子，连着电线向她掷过去，她疾忙翻身向外逃。振保觉得她完全被打败了，得意之极，立在那里无声地笑着，静静的笑从他眼里流出来，像眼泪似的流了一脸。（张爱玲〈红玫瑰与白玫瑰〉）•他结婚很晚，以前当然也有过艳遇，不过生平也还是对翠芝最有知己之感，也憧憬得最久。这时候灯下相对，晚风吹着米黄色厚呢窗帘，像个女人的裙子在风中鼓荡着，亭亭地，姗姗地，像要进来又没进来。窗外的夜色漆黑。那幅长裙老在半空中徘徊着，彷佛随时就要走了，而过门不入，两人看着都若有所失，有此生虚度之感。（张爱玲《半生缘》）•我心里忽然有一种很古的东西涌上来，喉咙紧紧地往上走。读过的书，有的近了，有的远了，模糊了。平时十分佩服的项羽、刘邦都在目瞪口呆，倒是尸横遍野的那些黑脸士兵，从地上爬起来，哑了喉咙，慢慢移动。一个樵夫，提了斧在野唱。忽然又彷佛见了棋呆子的母亲，用一双弱手一页一页地折书页。（锺阿城〈棋王〉）•金大班穿了一件黑纱金丝相间的紧身旗袍，一个大道士髻梳得乌光水滑的高耸在头顶上；耳坠、项链、手串、发针、金碧辉煌的挂满了一身，