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Tone&SpeakerTone----Theimpliedattitudeoftheauthortowardhisthemeorhissubject.Reading/HearingapoemHearingthevoiceofitsspeakerCatchingitstoneandfeelingUnderstandingultimatelyitsmeaning•Toneisanabstractionwemakefromthedetailsofapoem’slanguage.①Theuseofmeter&rhymeorlackofthem;②Theinclusionofcertainkindsofdetails&exclusionofotherkinds;③Particularchoicesofwords&sentencepattern;④Particularchoicesofimagery&figurativelanguage.•Thetoneofapoemcanbedescribeas:----Cold/Eager/Uncertain/Boastful/Protesting/Cynical/Resigned/Ironic(Moreimportant&persistent)•Toneistheemotionalcoloringofapoem:①Torecognizethetoneistoadjustthereader’srelationwiththepoemand/orwiththepoet;②Failuretodeterminethetoneaccuratelyleadstomisunderstandingofitspoem.ABladeofGrass(BrianPatten)•Youaskforapoem.•Iofferyouabladeofgrass.•Yousayitisnotgoodenough.•Youaskforapoem.•Isaythisbladeofgrasswilldo.•Ithasdresseditselfinfrost,•Itismoreimmediate•Thananyimageofmymaking.•Yousayitisnotapoem.•Itisabladeofgrassandgrass•Isnotquitegoodenough.•Iofferyouabladeofgrass•Youareindignant.•Yousayitistooeasytooffergrass.•Itisabsurd.•Anyonecanofferabladeofgrass.•Youaskforapoem.•AndsoIwriteyouatragedyabout•Howabladeofgrass•Becomesmoredifficulttooffer,•Andabouthowasyougrowolder•Abladeofgrass•Becomesmoredifficulttoaccept.•BrianPatten's'ABladeofGrass'hasatoneofsadacceptancetowardthelossofchildlikewonderthatcouldhaveacceptedthebladeofgrass;itmournstheadultlossoftheabilitytofindthebeautyinabladeofgrass.POINTOFVIEWINPOETRYPOET•Thepoetistheauthorofthepoem.SPEAKER•Thespeakerofthepoemisthe“narrator”ofthepoem.Speaker----thepersonwhospeaksinornarratesapoem.•ThespeakerandwriterareNOTnecessarilythesameperson.•Thespeakerisroughlyequivalenttothenarratoroffictionalworks.Itisacharacterorapsychologicalpersonathatthepoetconstructstodeliverthewordsofthepoem.•Beverycarefulinanalyzingapoemthatyoudonotattributetheemotionsoreventsexperiencedbythespeakertothepoet,him-orherself.最可爱的树•最可爱的树，樱桃树呀，•此时枝头上正缀满繁花，•在林间小道旁亭亭玉立，•为复活季节而身披白衣。•从我的七十岁可享之年，•二十岁光阴已一去不返，•七十载春秋减二十阳春，•留给我的仅五十个年份。•既然置身花间赏花品树,•五十个春天还远远不足，•我会再去那树林边守候，•看白雪花缀满樱树枝头。•Loveliestoftrees,thecherryisnow.----Treesrepresentusandhumansandweareatourfullestoflife.•Ishungwithbloomalongthebough----Wearehungwithbeautyandjoyonourbranchesoflife.•Andstandsaboutthewoodlandride“----Everyoneinthewoodlandsareattheirpotential.•WearingwhiteforEastertide----WearinginnocenceandpurityfortheEastertide,rebirth.•Nowofmythreescoreyearsandten----Ascoreistwentyyearsandhislifeisslippingaway.•Twentywillnotcomeagain----Hisyouth,hecannotregainnorhisinnocence.•Andtakefromseventyspringsascore,Itonlyleavesmefiftymore“----Hislifeisshorteningby20lesssohehas50morespringsleft.•Andsincetolookatthingsinbloom----Admiringtheotherswhohavetheychildhoodahead.•Fiftyspringsarelittleroom.----50yearsseemshortincomparison.•AboutthewoodlandsIwillgo“----AboutthepeopleIwilltravel.•Toseethecherryhungwithsnow“----Toseedeathhungwithsnow(white,purity,innocence).•Thepoemisaboutdeath,life,andtime.