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Overview概要...StudentCentredLearning以学生为中心的学习•Learning…教•Assessment评•ApplicationofSCL以学生为中心教学方法的应用Day1•Introduction相互介绍•GroundRules基本规则•StudentCentredLearning以学生为中心的教学•Workingingroups(Teamwork)小组学习Day2•Planninglearning-thelearningcycle教学设计-学习圈理论•Practicalteachingmethods实践教学法•Role/Teachingmethods角色/教法•Kolb’slearningcycle科尔伯的学习圈•Managinglearning管理学习Day3•Studentlearningactivities开展学生的学习活动•Plenariesandlearning讨论与学习•ApplyingSCLinyourworkplace•将以学生为中心的教学方法应用到工作中1.2GroundRulesforStudentCentredLearning…•Treateachotherwithrespect•Listenandvalueotheropinions,eveniftheydifferfromyourown•Shareyourideasandparticipatealongsideothers•Givefeedbackwhichisconstructiveandsupportive.2.1Keyprinciplesofastudent-centredlearningapproach以以学生为中心教学法的基本原则Student-centredlearning以学生为中心的教学法1.Students’priorknowledgeandexperiencesaretakenintoaccount充分利用学生已有的知识和经验9.Theteacheractsasfacilitatoroflearningratherthanaspresenterofknowledge教师充当学习的促进者，而不是知识的呈现者2.Students’needsandlearningpreferencesaretakenintoaccount考虑学生的需求和学习爱好8.Activities/resourcesareusedtomotivate/support/challengestudents使用活动或资料来激励/帮助/挑战学生5.Studentsareactivelyparticipatinginthelearningprocess学生积极参与学习过程7.Studentsareencouragedtodevelopownideasandproblem-solvingskills鼓励学生提出自己的想法，培养决问题的能力3.Formativeassessment,peerassessmentandselfassessmenthelpstudentslearn形成性评价、同学评估和自我评价对学习有帮助4.Studentsdevelopkeyemployabilityskills培养学生核心就业技能6.Studentsareencouragedtobecomeindependentlearners鼓励学生独立学习Threequestions3个问题…1.WhatdoIwantthestudentstolearn?想让学生学什么?AIMSANDOBJECTIVES目的3.HowwillIknowwhattheyhavelearned?怎样知道他们学会了？ASSESSMENT评价2.HowcanIhelpthemlearnit?怎样教他们学会?METHODS,ACTIVITIESANDRESOURCES方法、活动与资源TEACHINGCYCLE教学圈TARGETGROUP目标组OBJECTIVES目标TEACHINGMETHODS教法RESOURCES资源ASSESSMENT评价TEACHINGCYCLE教学圈“IhearandIforget我听后会忘记，IseeandIremember,我看后能记住，IdoandIunderstand.”我做后能明白。Consider想一想…Consider想一想…Makeacupoftea沏茶Tieashoelace系鞋带Rideabicycle骑自行车Givedirectionstoyourhome介绍去你家的路线Task:Howwouldyoulearnbestto..?任务：怎样学……最好？Kolb,D.(1984)ExperientialLearning,NewJersey,Prentice-HallIncActivist’sReflector’sTheoristPragmatistKolb(1984)LearningCycle学习圈Experience体验(activity/exercise,etc.)活动/练习ReviewingtheExperience复习Concludingfromtheexperience总结Planningthenextsteps计划下一步ExperientiallearningCycleKolbandFry(1984)HoneyandMumford(1982)•“adirectencounterwiththephenomenabeingstudied”(Brookfield19830)Learningstylescanalsobedescribedas:学习风格的另一种表述Visual视觉型Auditory听觉型Tactile触觉型orkinesthetic运动觉型TwoModelsofLearning２种学习模式Traditional/Input传统／输入•Passive被动•Receipt接收•Fillsadeficit填补空缺•Outsidestimulus外部刺激•Keywords‘give’,‘impart’,‘convey’关键词：“给、传授、传送”•Transferofskillsandknowledge传授知识和技巧•Needforteacher需要老师Modern/Action现代／行为•Active主动•Search探索•Seeksatisfaction需求满足•Innerdrive内驱动力•Keywords:‘create’,‘discover’关键词：“创造、发现”•Problem-solving解决问题•Self-learning自我学习TheRoleoftheTeacher教师的角色…•Mentor指导者•Counsellor顾问•Tutor辅导者•Facilitator促进者•Manager管理者•TeamLeader领队•Administrator资料员•Adjudicator评价者•Mediator协调者Teachingmethods教学方法…MostControl控制最多LeastControl控制最少TeacherControlledLecture讲授,demonstration演示教师控制Structureddiscussion有组织的讨论SharedControlTutorial辅导,Simulation模拟,师生相互控制Roleplay角色扮演Resourcesbasedlearning利用资源学习LessControlledUnstructureddiscussion自由讨论,控制少Seminar讨论课Practical实操课TeacherControlledDistancelearning远程学习教师控制Discoveryprojects项目教学Reallifeexperiences实习Teachingshouldnotbethoughtofastransmissionbutasanengagement…教学是参与，而不是灌输……。(LightandCox2001)Teaching教学…Changesinactivity变换活动…“restoreattentionandconcentration”能吸引学生注意，使他们集中精力。(Biggs2003:102)…Brookfield’sLensesViewingexperiencesthrough从不同镜头看(Brookfield,S.(1995)BecomingaCriticallyReflectiveTeacher,SanFrancisco:Jossey-Bass)AutobiographicalLenses自身的角度PeerLenses同行的角度Client/learnerLenses客户/学生的角度TheoreticalLenses理论角度Assessmentdefinitions评价的定义…Summativeassessment终结性评价Thisisassessmentoflearning是对学习的评价Formativeassessment形成性评价Thisisassessmentforlearning.是为学习进行的评价AssessmentforLearning为学习的评价…Someprinciples原则1.…shouldbepartofeffectiveplanningofteachingandlearning应该是有效进行教学设计的一部分。2.…shouldfocusonhowstudentslearn应把重点放在学生的学习方法上。3.…shouldberecognisedascentraltopractice应视为教学实践的重要环节。4.…shouldbesensitiveandconstructivebecauseanyassessmenthasanemotionalimpact任何评价都对情感有影响，因此评价应谨慎和有建设性。5.…shouldtakeaccountoflearnermotivation应考虑学生的学习动机。6.…shouldpromotecommitmenttolearninggoalsandasharedunderstandingofthecriteriabywhichtheyareassessed应有助于实现教学目标，并使师生都理解评价他们的标准。7.Learnersshouldreceiveconstructiveguidanceabouthowtoimprove学习者应得到有关如何改进的建设性指导。8.…developslearners'capacityforself-assessmentsothattheycanbecomereflectiveandself-managing培养学生的自我评价能力，使其能自我反思和自我管理。Robustassessment有效的评价…AssessmentforLearningis对学习的评价应该…•Accurateassessment(knowingstandards)准确（熟悉标准）•Fairassessment(validmethods)公正（使用有效的方法）•Reliableassessment(judgementsareconsistent)可靠（结论应前后一致）•Usefulassessment(identifyinghowtoprogress)有用（明确如何推进）•Focusedassessment(identifyingblocksinastudent’sprogress)重点突出（找出学生的学习障碍）•Continuityofassessment(eachassessmentstageisclear)连续（每个评价阶段非常清楚）Assessment评价…feedback反馈…Tobeusefultolearners,assessmentshouldleadtofeedback:要对学生有用，评价须能产生反馈。Feedbackcanbe反馈的形式:–