DSU(英文)

UnderstandingonRulesandProceduresGoverningtheSettlementofDisputesMembersherebyagreeasfollows:Article1CoverageandApplication1.TherulesandproceduresofthisUnderstandingshallapplytodisputesbroughtpursuanttotheconsultationanddisputesettlementprovisionsoftheagreementslistedinAppendix1tothisUnderstanding(referredtointhisUnderstandingasthe“coveredagreements”).TherulesandproceduresofthisUnderstandingshallalsoapplytoconsultationsandthesettlementofdisputesbetweenMembersconcerningtheirrightsandobligationsundertheprovisionsoftheAgreementEstablishingtheWorldTradeOrganization(referredtointhisUnderstandingasthe“WTOAgreement”)andofthisUnderstandingtakeninisolationorincombinationwithanyothercoveredagreement.2.TherulesandproceduresofthisUnderstandingshallapplysubjecttosuchspecialoradditionalrulesandproceduresondisputesettlementcontainedinthecoveredagreementsasareidentifiedinAppendix2tothisUnderstanding.TotheextentthatthereisadifferencebetweentherulesandproceduresofthisUnderstandingandthespecialoradditionalrulesandproceduressetforthinAppendix2,thespecialoradditionalrulesandproceduresinAppendix2shallprevail.Indisputesinvolvingrulesandproceduresundermorethanonecoveredagreement,ifthereisaconflictbetweenspecialoradditionalrulesandproceduresofsuchagreementsunderreview,andwherethepartiestothedisputecannotagreeonrulesandprocedureswithin20daysoftheestablishmentofthepanel,theChairmanoftheDisputeSettlementBodyprovidedforinparagraph1ofArticle2(referredtointhisUnderstandingasthe“DSB”),inconsultationwiththepartiestothedispute,shalldeterminetherulesandprocedurestobefollowedwithin10daysafterarequestbyeitherMember.TheChairmanshallbeguidedbytheprinciplethatspecialoradditionalrulesandproceduresshouldbeusedwherepossible,andtherulesandproceduressetoutinthisUnderstandingshouldbeusedtotheextentnecessarytoavoidconflict.Article2Administration1.TheDisputeSettlementBodyisherebyestablishedtoadministertheserulesandproceduresand,exceptasotherwiseprovidedinacoveredagreement,theconsultationanddisputesettlementprovisionsofthecoveredagreements.Accordingly,theDSBshallhavetheauthoritytoestablishpanels,adoptpanelandAppellateBodyreports,maintainsurveillanceofimplementationofrulingsandrecommendations,andauthorizesuspensionofconcessionsandotherobligationsunderthecoveredagreements.WithrespecttodisputesarisingunderacoveredagreementwhichisaPlurilateralTradeAgreement,theterm“Member”asusedhereinshallreferonlytothoseMembersthatarepartiestotherelevantPlurilateralTradeAgreement.WheretheDSBadministersthedisputesettlementprovisionsofaPlurilateralTradeAgreement,onlythoseMembersthatarepartiestothatAgreementmayparticipateindecisionsoractionstakenbytheDSBwithrespecttothatdispute.2.TheDSBshallinformtherelevantWTOCouncilsandCommitteesofanydevelopmentsindisputesrelatedtoprovisionsoftherespectivecoveredagreements.3.TheDSBshallmeetasoftenasnecessarytocarryoutitsfunctionswithinthetime-framesprovidedinthisUnderstanding.4.WheretherulesandproceduresofthisUnderstandingprovidefortheDSBtotakeadecision,itshalldosobyconsensus(1).Article3GeneralProvisions1.MembersaffirmtheiradherencetotheprinciplesforthemanagementofdisputesheretoforeappliedunderArticlesXXIIandXXIIIofGATT1947,andtherulesandproceduresasfurtherelaboratedandmodifiedherein.2.ThedisputesettlementsystemoftheWTOisacentralelementinprovidingsecurityandpredictabilitytothemultilateraltradingsystem.TheMembersrecognizethatitservestopreservetherightsandobligationsofMembersunderthecoveredagreements,andtoclarifytheexistingprovisionsofthoseagreementsinaccordancewithcustomaryrulesofinterpretationofpublicinternationallaw.RecommendationsandrulingsoftheDSBcannotaddtoordiminishtherightsandobligationsprovidedinthecoveredagreements.3.ThepromptsettlementofsituationsinwhichaMemberconsidersthatanybenefitsaccruingtoitdirectlyorindirectlyunderthecoveredagreementsarebeingimpairedbymeasurestakenbyanotherMemberisessentialtotheeffectivefunctioningoftheWTOandthemaintenanceofaproperbalancebetweentherightsandobligationsofMembers.4.RecommendationsorrulingsmadebytheDSBshallbeaimedatachievingasatisfactorysettlementofthematterinaccordancewiththerightsandobligationsunderthisUnderstandingandunderthecoveredagreements.5.Allsolutionstomattersformallyraisedundertheconsultationanddisputesettlementprovisionsofthecoveredagreements,includingarbitrationawards,shallbeconsistentwiththoseagreementsandshallnotnullifyorimpairbenefitsaccruingtoanyMemberunderthoseagreements,norimpedetheattainmentofanyobjectiveofthoseagreements.6.MutuallyagreedsolutionstomattersformallyraisedundertheconsultationanddisputesettlementprovisionsofthecoveredagreementsshallbenotifiedtotheDSBandtherelevantCouncilsandCommittees,whereanyMembermayraiseanypointrelatingthereto.7.Beforebringingacase,aMembershallexerciseitsjudgementastowhetheractionundertheseprocedureswouldbefruitful.Theaimofthedisputesettlementmechanismistosecureapositivesolutiontoadispute.Asolutionmutuallyacceptabletothepartiestoadisputeandconsistentwiththecoveredagreementsisclearlytobepreferred.Intheabsenceofamutuallyagreedsolution,thefirstobject