行为动词(一般现在时)讲解

一、什么是行为动词行为动词指除动词be和have以外，一切可以单独作谓语的动词。动词be和动词have一般表示状态，而行为动词大都用来表示动作，如work，study，swim等。二、行为动词一般现在时的构成行为动词一般现在时须用动词原形表示，但当主语是第三人称单数时，词尾须加-s或-es，其构成方法与名词复数构成方法相同，现以动词work为例：IYou（你）HeSheItWeYou（你们）Theywork.works.work.三、行为动词一般现在时的基本用法1）表示现在经常发生或习惯性的动作或状态：Iusuallywalktoschool.Theyworkhere.MygrandfatherwatchesTVeveryevening.Hegoestoschoolbybus.2）表示客观事实或普遍真理：Thesunrisesintheeast.Theearthmovesroundthesun.Twoplustwomakesfour.3）表示主语的特征、性格、能力等：Shesingswell.JohnandIlovesports.Weworkhard.Theyalllikeme.注意：英语中的人称代词有主格和宾格之分。主格人称代词在句中作主语；宾格人称代词作动词或介词宾语。一般现在时还常用在下列句子中：Herecomesthebus.Herehecomes.Theregoesthebell.四、行为动词一般现在时第三人称单数形式的构成行为动词一般现在时的第三人称单数形式的构成方法和名词复数的构成方法完全一样。1）一般在动词原形后加－s：work—worksrun—runslive—lives2）以s,x,sh,ch结尾的动词加－es：finish—finishesteach—teacheswatch—watchesguess—guessesfix—fixesmix—mixes4）如词末为－o，－o前为辅音字母，加－es：go—goesdo—does3）以辅音字母加y结尾的动词变y为i再加－es：carry—carriesfly—flies但play—plays的y之前是元音字母，只加－s。五、常与一般现在时搭配使用的时间状语1）表示时间频度的词语：alwaysusuallyoftensometimeshardlynever2）与every一起用的状语词组：everydayweekmonthspringyearMondayeveryotherday(=everytwodays)everythreehoursonceeverytwomonths3）其他inthemorningtheafternoontheeveningtwiceaweek要点6一般现在时的否定式一般现在时的否定式是在动词原形前加助动词donot(don’t)；主语是第三人称单数时在动词原形前加助动词doesnot(doesn’t)，其结构为：1）主语+don’t+动词原形Theydon’tworkhere.Idon’tgotoschoolonSundays.2）主语(第三人称单数)+doesn’t+动词原形Shedoesn’tlikesports.Theboydoesn’tstudyhard.*如句中用了never（从不），hardly（很少、几乎不）等词来表示否定意义，就不能再使用助动词don’t或doesn’t,试比较：Idon’tknowyou.Ihardlyknowyou.Idon’thardlyknowyou.(F)一般现在时用never,hardly表示否定意义时，如主语为第三人称单数，行为动词要加-s或-es。试比较：Henevergetsupearly.Hehardlygetsupearly.Hedoesn’tgetupearlyonSundays.Thegirlhardlygoestoschoolbybus.Thegirldoesn’tgotoschoolbybus.另外，为了加强否定意义可在否定句中加atall,如Idon’tlikethebookatall.要点7行为动词一般现在时的疑问式和回答一般现在时的疑问式在句首加助动词do,主语为第三人称单数时在句首加does,其结构是：1)Do+主语+动词原形…?Theylivenearourschool.Dotheylivenearourschool?ThestudentslikelearningEnglish.DothestudentslikelearningEnglish?2)Does+主语（第三人称单数）+动词原形…?HewatchesTVeveryevening.DoeshewatchTVeveryevening?MyfatherteachesChinese.DoesyourfatherteachChinese?简略回答用助动词do/does和don’t/doesn’t代替行为动词.Doyouoftengoshoppingwithyourmother?-Yes,Ido./-No,Idon’t.Doeshismotherworkinthatfactory?-Yes,shedoes./-No,shedoesn’t.(回答时须用人称代词)要点8用作助动词的do与用作行为动词的do在英语中，do既是一个助动词，又是一个行为动词。1)do用作行为动词一般表示“做”、“干”等意思，Wedomorningexerciseseveryday.JackoftendoessomewashingonSundays.Sheneverdoesherhomeworkintheevening.2)do用作助动词主要用来帮助构成疑问句、否定句或用于替代等。Doyoudrivetoworkeveryday?(帮助构成疑问句)Hedoesn’tworkonSundays.(帮助构成否定句)Doeshelikethejob?–Yes,hedoes.(用于替代)*区别do在以下句子中的不同功能Doyoudoyourlessonseveryday?Thestudentsdon’tdotheirhomeworkonSaturdays.写出下列动词在句中的适当形式：1）We___________(love)sports.2）She___________(sing)well.3）TomandJohn___________(watch)TVeveryevening.4）Myson___________(go)toschoolbybike.5）Theirteacherusually___________(walk)toschool.6）Fiveplustwo___________(make)seven.7）Theyall___________(like)him.8）Thesun___________(fall)inthewest.lovesingswatchgoeswalksmakeslikefalls4）HisfatherandmotherlikewatchingTV.5）Shedoesherhomeworkintheevening.6）Thestudentsdomorningexerciseseveryday.将下列句子改为否定句和疑问句：1）Theyworkinafactory.2）Marylikessports.3）Theboysgotoschoolonfoot.