英国历史英文版

UnitTwoHistory—Lesson3ABriefHistoryoftheUKABriefHistoryoftheUKElizabethIEnglandin878UnitTwoHistory—Lesson3ABriefHistoryoftheUKObjectivesStarterTeachingPointsLessonReviewCaseStudySupplementaryReadingABriefHistoryoftheUKUnitTwoHistory—Lesson3ABriefHistoryoftheUKObjectivesAcquireageneralideaabouttheBritishhistory.LearnaboutthemajorstagesandimportantfiguresinBritishhistory.FindouttheinfluencesofBritishhistoryonotherEnglishspeakingcountries.UnitTwoHistory—Lesson3ABriefHistoryoftheUKStarterTellaboutthefollowingpicturesandthespecialperiodrelatedtothem.UnitTwoHistory—Lesson3ABriefHistoryoftheUKabcWhat?UnitTwoHistory—Lesson3ABriefHistoryoftheUKStonehengeOneofthewondersoftheworld,whichisbelievedtohavebeenbuiltfrom4000BCto2000BC.Nowasaworldheritagesite,StonehengeandallitssurroundingsremainpowerfulwitnessestotheoncegreatcivilizationsoftheStoneandBronzeAges.MapshowingthelocationofStonehengeUnitTwoHistory—Lesson3ABriefHistoryoftheUKShakespeare'sGlobeTheatreAtheatreinLondonassociatedwithWilliamShakespeare.Itwasbuiltin1599byShakespeare'splayingcompany,theLordChamberlain'sMen,andwasdestroyedbyfireonJune29,1613.AsecondGlobeTheatrewasrebuiltonthesamesitebyJune1614andclosedin1642.ExteriorofthemodernreproductionoftheGlobeInteriorofthemodernreconstructionUnitTwoHistory—Lesson3ABriefHistoryoftheUKKingArthurAlegendaryfigureinthe5thcenturyADinBritishhistory.Accordingtothelegend,ArthurgatheredacompanyofknightswhosattogetheratArthur’scastle.Hecreatedthefamous“roundtable”atwhichallwouldhaveequalrighttobetheking,senseofdemocracy.HeunitedtheBritish,andwithhismagicalsword,Excalibur,drovetheSaxonsback.StatueofKingArthurTheLadyoftheLakegivesExcaliburtoKingArthurUnitTwoHistory—Lesson3ABriefHistoryoftheUKTeachingPointsABRIEFHISTORYOFTHEUKUnitTwoHistory—Lesson3ABriefHistoryoftheUKPre-reading:GiveabriefintroductionofthehistoricperiodsoftheUKbyreferringtothefollowingchart.Pre-CelticPeriod,CelticAgeandRomanInvasion(1500BC-410AD)Anglo-SaxonBritain,VikingraidsandNormaninvasion(410-1066)NormanRule(1066-1381)TransitiontotheModernAge(1455-1688)RiseandFalloftheBritishEmpire(1688-1945)UnitTwoHistory—Lesson3ABriefHistoryoftheUKHistoricPeriodsTimeMajorIncidentsRomanPeriod43—410ChristianitywasbroughttoBritainNormanRule1066—1381MagnaCarta;BlackDeathTransitiontoModernAge1455—1688TheWarofRoses;EnglishRenaissanceRiseofBritishEmpire1688—1900IndustrialRevolution;ColonialExpansionFallofBritishEmpire1914—1945WWI;WWII;GreatDepressionUnitTwoHistory—Lesson3ABriefHistoryoftheUKPre-CelticPeriod,CelticAgeandRomanInvasion(1500BC－410AD)ThefirstCeltictribes,theGaels,cametotheBritishIslesbetween800and700BC.Twocenturieslater,theBrythonsorancientBritonscame,fromwhomthecountrywascalledBritain.British-recordedhistorybeginswiththeRomaninvasionin43AD.Sincethen,EnglandandWaleshadbeenapartoftheRomanEmpirefornearly400years.UnitTwoHistory—Lesson3ABriefHistoryoftheUKPushingintoScotland,TheRomansbuiltagiganticwall,Hadrian'sWall,tocontrolthefrontier.TheRomansalsobroughtthenewreligion,Christianity,toBritain.ThelocationofHadrian'sWallHadrian'sWallUnitTwoHistory—Lesson3ABriefHistoryoftheUKWhentheRomanEmpirecameundertherepeatedattacksfromthePictsandScotsandtheinvasionoftheGermanicSaxontribes,theRomanarmypulledoutofBritainin410AD,leadingtotheswiftbreakdownofRomancivilization.Itissaidthatinthe5thcenturyAD,KingArthurunitedBritain,anddrovetheSaxonsoutofthecountrywithhismagicalswordExcalibur.KingArthurUnitTwoHistory—Lesson3ABriefHistoryoftheUKInvadersofthreeTeutonictribescametoBritaininthemid-5thcentury.–firstlytheJutesinthemid-5thcentury–theSaxonsfromtheendof5thcenturytothebeginningofthe6thcentury–theAngleswhocameinthesecondhalfofthe6thcentury,andwhoweretogivetheirnametotheEnglishpeople.Anglo-SaxonBritain,VikingraidsandNormaninvasion(410－1066)UnitTwoHistory—Lesson3ABriefHistoryoftheUKBy850AD,thecountrywasundersustainedattacksfromVikingraids.TheSaxonking,AlfredtheGreat,alsoknownas“FatheroftheBritishNavy”,graduallypushedtheVikingsnorthwardsandeventuallyintothesea.By955,Alfred’sgrandsonEadred,ruledoveraunitedEnglandandthegovernmentbecamecentralized.AlfredtheGreatEadredUnitTwoHistory—Lesson3ABriefHistoryoftheUKVikinginvasionsrenewedtill1066whenKingHaroldmarchednorthandwonavictoryovertheVikings.OnOctober1066,WilliamofNormandy,knownas“WilliamtheConqueror”,defeatedHarold’sarmy,andcrownedhimselfWilliamIinLondononChristmasDay1066,becomingthefirstNormankingofEngland.WilliamtheConquerorUnitTwoHistory—Lesson3ABriefHistoryoftheUKThisperiodcanbecharacterisedasatransitionfromatribaltofeudalsociety.TheAnglo-SaxonsbroughttheirownTeutonicreligiontoBritain.ThenamesTuesday,Wednesday,ThursdayandFridayrespectivelyderivefromtheirgods.—Tiu—godofwar—Woden—kingofheaven—Thor—godofstorms—Freya—goddessofpeaceChristianityalmostdisappeareduntil597,whenPopeGregoryIofRomancametoEnglandandbegantoconverttheheathenEnglishtoChristianity.PopeGregoryIUnitTwoHistory—Lesson3ABriefHistoryoftheUKNormanRule(1066－1381)UnderWilliamtheConqueror,thefeudalsystemwascompletelyestablished.—HeconfiscatedalmostallthelandandgaveittohisNormanfollow