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BriefBritishHistoryKikiZhangEnglishHistory•BeforetheMiddleAges•TheMiddleAges•The16thCentury•The17thCentury•The18thCentury•The19thCentury•The20thCenturyBeforetheMiddleAges•TheStoneAgehuntersandgatherersof10,000yearsago•TheNeolithicAge（新石器时代）–Stonehenge(2000B.C.to1500B.C.)•Celticpeoples(700B.C.)•Historyofinvasions1.TheRomans(1st-5thcentury)2.TheAngles,SaxonsandJutes(5th-8thcentury)3.TheVikingraidersfromScandinavia(9–11thcentury)4.TheNormanConquest(1066)BackStoneHenge(石林，巨石阵)CelticPeople•Originalinhabitants---theCelts凯尔特人•Britons,atribeofCelts.TheRomans•Firstlandingin55BC•Completecontroloverthelandin43AD•leavinginaround410AD•RomaninfluenceRomanInfluence•introductionofChristianity•theLatinlanguage•romanlaws,taxes,engineeringskills,architectureRomansocialsystem•Systemofwritingandnumbering•thefirstwrittendescriptionofthelandappearedTheAngles,SaxonsandJutes（盎格魯人，撒克逊人，朱特人）•ThreeGermanictribesfromnowDenmarkandnorthernGermany•Gradualcontrolofthecountryfrom450to600•ThemakingofaUnitedKingdom,England,awholepeople,theEnglish•Transitionfromtribalsociety（部落社会）intofeudalsociety（封建社会）BackVikingRaiders（维京强盗）•Scandinaviaincludes4countries:Sweden,Norway,Denmark,Iceland•About787,theEnglishbegantobetroubledbybandsofDanishVikings.Atfirst,theDanescameonlyonplunderingthecountry.Gradually,however,theycametomakepermanentsettlement.TheNormanConquest诺曼征服•WilliamofNormandy(orWilliamtheConqueror)•KingHaroldofEngland哈罗德国王•theBattleofHastings黑斯廷斯之战•NormanConquestTheFrench-speakingNormansunderDukeWilliamcamein1066.AfterdefeatingtheEnglishatHastings,WilliamwascrownedasKingofEngland.Revoltswerecruellysuppressedandtheconquestwascompletedwithswordandfire.•NormaninfluenceBackNormanInfluence•afirmlyestablishedfeudalsystem•amuchstrongercontroloverthecountrybytheRomebackedCatholicChurch•FrenchastheofficiallanguageTheMiddleAges•TheMiddleAges(1066—1485)–TheCrusades–TheOneHundredYearsWarwithFrance(1337-1453)•JoanofArc–TheBlackDeath(1348-1369)ReturnTheCrusades十字军东征•Aseriesofwars(from11thto14thcenturies)inwhicharmiesfromalloverEuropetriedtosnatchthe“HolyLand”(i.e.Palestine,whereJesusChristoncelived)fromthe“Infidels”异教徒；不信正统宗教者(i.e.theMuslims).BackBackTheBlackDeath•3plagues•在1348年，一场瘟疫或者黑死病通过从亚洲来的商人来到欧洲，并被在那些商人的商船里的老鼠传播开来。黑死病在1348年到1353年这短短的五年时间里夺去了欧洲大陆近三分之一的人口。The16thCentury•TheWarsoftheRoses•ANewMonarchy•TheReformationMovement/ProtestantMovementBloodyMaryTheReignofQueenElizabethI)ReturnWaroftheRoses•Thewarlasted30years(1455—1485)•Thereare2familiesHouseofYork(whiterose)HouseofLancaster(redrose)•改编自畅销历史小说的《白王后》发生在英国“玫瑰战争时期”——这是15世纪在亨利六世、爱德华四世和理查三世统治期间的一场英国内战，在以白玫瑰为族徽的约克家族和以红玫瑰为族徽的兰开斯特家族之间展开。这是一个描述爱、损失、诱惑、欺骗、背叛和谋杀的故事，三个来历不同但却拥有相同野心的女人在争夺王位的斗争中展开殊死较量。Anewmonarchy•HenryⅦ,foundedtheTudorDynasty(都铎王朝)-----acentralizedmonarchyofatotallynewtype.ReformationMovement•TheRomanCatholicChurchhadlongbeenburdensometotheKingofEngland•HenryⅧ’sneedforadivorceleadtoarowwiththePope•HenrycounteredbydissolvingtheRomanCatholicChurchinBritainandsettinguptheChurchofEngland•Protestantism•BloodyMary•Counter-ReformationMovement•MarywasaCatholicandamilitantCatholic•283Protestantmartyrsburnt•thewholeislandwasconvulsedwiththeReformationandCounter-Reformationforhalfacentury.BloodyMaryElizabethⅠTudorDynasty•HenryⅦ1485--1509•HenryⅧ1509--1547•EdwardⅥ1547--1553•Mary1553-1558•ElizabethⅠ1558—1603QueenElizabethⅠThe17thCentury•JamesⅠ•Revolution/TheCivilWar(1642—1649)–AroundtheKing(CharlesI&“DivineRight”)–AroundtheParliament•TheRestoration•TheGloriousRevolutionReturnJamesⅠ•In1603,QueenElizabethdiedchildless•JamesⅥofScotland•JamesⅠofEngland•In1707,ScotlandjoinedtheUnionTheRestorationPeriod王朝复辟•KingCharlesⅡ•KingJamesⅡTheGloriousRevolution•Mary（詹姆士二世女儿）•William,PrinceofOrange奥兰治亲王•ConstitutionalMonarchyThe18thCentury•VictoryoverFrance–TheBattleofWaterloo1815–TheBattleofTrafalgar1805，英军在这场海战中击败了拿破仑的法国西班牙联合舰队,法国海军司令被俘虏,英国海军司令纳尔逊海军上将中弹阵亡。•TheIndustrialRevolution–Inventionofthesteamengine–Factoriesandcoal-minesmultipliedwithbigtownsspringup–Conflictsbetweenlaborandcapital•LossofAmericancolonies–The“PilgrimFathers”andtheshipMayflower–DeclarationofIndependenceReturnThe19thCentury•ReformationinBritain–Toovercomesocialproblems–TomakeParliamentmorerepresentative–Toimprovelocalgovernmentandsocialservices•Progressincommunications–Railwaynetworkandsteamship,telegraphyandelectrictelephone,electriclighting,electrictrams,thePennyPost•VictorianAge[themonarchfrom1837to1901]ReturnThe20thCentury–TheSecondWorldWar•TheBattleofBritain•Independenceofmostofthecolonies•“secondfiddle”–TheUnitedNationsandthe“threeworlds”–The“ColdWar”betweenRussiaandtheWest–Newdiscoveriesandnewtechniques•Motor-car,thewireless,theairplane,nuclearwar,spacerockets,menonthemoon,entertainmentlikegramophone,cinema,radioandtelevision,etc.ReturnThe20thCenturyAcenturyofdisturbance,riot,decline,anddisgracefulfailure–Wakingoftheworkingclasses–The“suffragette”movement–TroubleinIreland–TheFirstWorldWar•TheoncesolidBritishEmpirecollapsed•Themulti-lateralBritishCommonwealthofNations–Theeconomicdepressioninthe1930s