HND-采购与供应链管理1

Content1Effectofinternationalbusiness...................................................................................22Methodtoincreasecompetitiveness...........................................................................23Contributionofqualitystandard.................................................................................34Effectoftechnology....................................................................................................35Strategicnature...........................................................................................................46Reference.....................................................................................错误!未定义书签。1EffectofinternationalbusinessItcanpromotetoobtainglobalresourcewhichresultincostreduction.Italsocanimprovethecirculationoftalentinworldwide,sothatgettingmorelabour.Ifformersourcesofsuppliesofrawmaterialsandcomponentsbecomelessreliableandnewsupplysourcesemerge,whichmayincreaseagreaterloadontheworkoftheIPD.TakeWal-Mart,therepresentationofretail,asainstance,Wal-Martpossessedthebiggestcivilsatellitesystem,whichcangetnewinformationaboutsupplyandthenumberofgoods.Wal-Mart’ssuppliersalwaysareselectedbyrigorouswayssothatensurethesustainabledevelopmentofcorporation.2MethodtoincreasecompetitivenessFirstly,seekingasuitablesupplier.Mostevaluatesratesupplierson3primarycriteria,suchascostorprice,qualityanddelivery.Besidesabovethemostobviousandcritical,indepthanalysisalsoisvital.There4requirement.Managementcapabilityisimportant.Managementrunsthebusinessandmakesdecisionsthataffectthecompetitivenessofthesuppliers.Employeecapabilitiesisthepartoftheevaluationprocessrequiresanassessmentofnon-managementpersonnel.Donotunderestimatethebenefitthatahighlytrained,stable,andmotivatedworkforceprovides,particularlyduringperiodoflaborshortages.Then,IPDcandeclinetheproductdevelopmentcycleobviouslyandreduceproductcostsofenterprisessothattoimprovethecompetitivenessofenterprisesThirdly,optimizingtheallocationofresourcesmakesspendingcostsonmiddleabolishedprojectsdecreasedandsignificantlyimprovesthequalityoftheproduct.Fourthly,establishharmoniousrelationshipwithsuppliers.Forinstance,Wal-Mart’ssloganis“everydaylowprice”.ThereisacompatiblerelationshipbetweenWal-Martanditssuppliers,soWal-Martoftencanpurchasecommoditieswithlowercostthancompetitors.3ContributionofqualitystandardQualitystandardensurethebusinessoperationsasmuchaspossibleforefficientpurchasingcontributiontosavecosts,improvecustomersatisfaction,improvemarketshareandenvironmentalbenefits.ISQ9000:2000isaqualitymanagementprocessgainingwidespreadacceptancethroughouttheworld.Itcanensuresupplier’squalityandreliabilityandimprovenewsupplier’scompetitiveness.ISQ14000isdesignedtopromoteenvironmentalprotectionandpollutionprevention.Wal-MartcanchoosenewsuppliersbyISQandhasestablishedtheglobalsuppliermanagementsystem,whichalsocanensurethequalityofcommoditiesandimprovetheefficiencyofthefieldinvestigation.4EffectoftechnologyTheelectronicrevolutioncontinuestoaffectthesupplychain.Thereareseveralexcitingnewsoftwaretoolsemergingthatwillhelpsupplymanagersinthefuture.Weakerfirmstoutingbusinessmodelsthatdidnotprovidevalueinthesupplychainwerewashedoutofthemarketandbecameroadkillforthestronger,market-focusedfirms.Forexample,internetisbecomingmoreandmoreimportant.BecauseInternetischeap,itsuseiseasytofindpotentialsuppliersandprofitsforthecompany.ManyfirmsuseEDI,whichisthedirectcomputertransmissionoftheordersandothertransactioninformation,meanwhile,elsetosavemoretimeandresources.Wal-Martusedelectronictechnologyparticularly,havingthebiggestcivilsatellitesystem,whichensureitsentiresupplychainandoperatewell.5StrategicnatureItisoneofthecompany’spurchasestrategiesdecision,possiblyincludedstaff’strainingandemploy.Duetothesedifferencesuchas,culture,languageorreligion,ecdemicsubsidiaryneedlocalmanagerstooperate.Firstly,Itcancopewiththreatandcatchopportunitiesfromforeign.Next,itmakescontributiontoallocateunbalanceresources.Lastbutnotleast,anydecisionmadebycompanyisaimtoenhanceefficiencyandcompetitivenesssothatincreaseprofit.ForWal-Mart,ithasstrategicdecisiondepartmenttomakeoverseasdecision.Whencertainbranches’saledecline,theywillfindoutthereasonandmakemeasuretosolveproblemontimebyperfectingoverseasstrategydecision.Seniormanagersalwayssuperviseforeignmarkets,overseasbranchesandstaffskillsaccordingthesefactorstoimproveoverseasdecisionsothatcanbesuitableforlocalconsequences.ByobservingcompetitorlikeCarrefour,andthegovernmentandtherequirementsofaction,Wal-Martadjustoverseasstrategydecisiontomakeappropriatemanagementpatternforbranches.