英语六大基本句型结构

英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成六种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这六种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。英语基本句型列式如下：基本句型一：Ｓ+Ｖ（主＋谓）基本句型二：Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｐ（主＋系＋表）基本句型三：Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｏ（主＋谓＋宾）基本句型四：Ｓ+Ｖ+IO+Ｏ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）基本句型五：Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｏ+Ｃ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）基本句型六：Therebe句式基本句型一Ｓ+Ｖ（主＋谓）此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。ＳＶ（不及物动词）1.Time2.Themoon3.Theman4.Anaccident5.Everybody6.I7.They8.He9.Theyflies.rose.cooked.happened.laughed.woke.talkedforhalfanhour.walkedyesterdayhavegone常用不及物动词有:appear(出现),apologize(道歉),arrive,agree,arise(发生),belong(属于),come,die,disappear(消失),exist(存在),fall,go,happen,hurry,listen,look,occur(发生),rise(升起),sit,sail(航行),succeed词组有:takeplace,runout,breakout基本句型二Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｐ（主＋系＋表）此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。ＳＶ（是系动词）Ｐ(表语)1.This2.Thedinner3.He4.Everything5.He6.Thebook7.Theweather8.Hisface9.ThisissmellsfeltlooksisisbecameturnedisanEnglishdictionary.good.happy.different.tallandstrong.interesting.warmer.red.whatIlike.基本句型三Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｏ（主＋谓＋宾）此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。ＳＶ（实义动词）Ｏ(宾语)1.Who2.She3.He4.He5.They6.Danny7.I8.He9.Iknowslovesunderstandsmadeatelikeswantsaidregrettedtheanswer?him.English.cakes.someapples.donuts.tohaveacupoftea.Goodmorning.havingdonethat.基本句型四Ｓ+Ｖ+IO+Ｏ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）此句型的句子有一个共同特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者(一般指物)，另一个是动作的间接承受者(通常指人)。eg:givesb.sth.→givesth.tosb.makesb.sth.→makesth.forsb.ＳＶ（及物）ｏ（多指人）Ｏ（多指物）1.She2.She3.She4.He5.I6.I7.I8.Hepassedcookedbroughtboughtshowedgavetoldtoldhimhermeyouherhimhimmeanewdress.adeliciousmeal.adictionary.nothing.mypictures.ahand.howtorunthemachine.thatthebuswaslate.可以带双宾语的动词：买卖关系：buypaycost给予关系：givegrantpassofferbringsend借还关系：lendreturnowe说服关系：tellpersuade其他关系：wishnamemakecall基本句型五Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｏ+Ｃ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。ＳＶ（及物）Ｏ（宾语）Ｃ（宾补）1.We2.They3.They4.They5.What6.We7.He8.Ikeeppaintedcallfoundmakessawaskedsawthetablethedoorsupperthehousehimhimmethemclean.green.dinner.dirty.sad?out.tocomebacksoon.gettingonthebus.基本句型六Therebe句式构成：Therebe….句型表示“某处有（存在）某人或某事物”，其结构为Therebe(isarewaswere)+名词+地点状语Therearefifty-twostudentsinourclass.Thereisapencilinmypencil-case.一、Therebe结构中的主谓一致1.Therebe句型中be动词的形式要和其后的主语在人称和数上保持一致。如果句子的主语是单数的可数名词，或是不可数名词，be动词用“is”“was”。例如：Thereisabasketballinthebox.Thereisalittlemilkintheglass.如果句子的主语是复数名词，be动词就用“are”“were”。例如Thereweremanypeopleinthestreetyesterday.如果有两个或两个以上的名词作主语，be动词要和最靠近它的那个主语在数上保持一致，也就是我们常说的“就近原则”。例如:Thereisanorangeandsomebananasinthebasket.Therearetwobottlesandanashtrayontheshelf.2.There与be中间可插入一些表推测的情态动词、表时态的短语和一些动词短语(如和将来时begoingto\will、现在完成时have\has+pp.、usedto结构等连用.Theremustbeapeninthebox.Thereisgoingtobeameetingtonight.Therehasbeenabigtreeonthetopofthehill.Thereusedtobeahospitaltherebeforethewar.Therebe句型和have\has的区别：Therebe句型表示“存在有”,have\has表示“拥有”“所有”,两者不能同时使用.例如：桌子上有三本书.Therearethreebooksonthedesk.我有三本书.Ihavethreebooks.1.Theyworkhard.主+谓2.Theflowerisdead.主+系+表3.Plantsneedwater.主+谓+宾4.Hegivesmesomeseeds.主+谓+直宾+简宾5.Weshouldkeeptheplantsintheshade.主+谓+宾+宾补6.Hisfaceturnedred.主+系+表7.TherewasalotofnewsaboutZhangZiyionTVlastnight.Therebe句式8.Sheseemskind.主+系+表9.Wefoundherintears.主+谓+宾+宾补10.Iassureyouthatthismedicinewillhelpyou.主+谓+间宾+直宾11.Hehasrefusedtohelpthem.主+谓+宾12.Theyencouragedhertotryagain.主+谓+宾+宾补13.Headmitsthathewasmistaken.主+谓+宾14.Thepenwritessmoothly.主+谓+状15.Thedinnersmellsgood.主+系+表5Analyzethefollowingsentencestoseewhichpatterntheybelongto.1)Bothmenspeakloudlyandclearly.2)Anintroductionusuallyincludesagreetingandahandshake.3)[e-mail].4)Theywilljustwavegoodbyetothewholegroup.5)Ourdepartmentheadwillgiveadinnertowelcomeyou.6)YoucouldsimplycallmeWang.7)Inherbagthereisapassportandapen.Therebe句式主+谓+状主+谓+宾主+系+表主+谓+直宾+间宾主+谓+宾+状主+谓+宾+宾补BackWriteandApplyRulesWriteandCorrectMistakes6Correcttheerrorsinthefollowingsentences.1)Themanagerforthempreparessomebeautifulgifts.2)Couldyoutelltomesomethingabouttheirculturalbackground?3)Mr.Wanghasleftintheirmindadeepimpression.4)Dotheyalwayswavetoyougoodbyeinaninformalway?5)Therearealwayssomepeopletalkhappilyinthepark.Themanagerpreparessomebeautifulgiftsforthem.Couldyoutellmesomethingabouttheirculturalbackground?Mr.Wanghasleftadeepimpressionupontheirminds.Dotheyalwayswavegoodbyetoyouinaninformalway?/Dotheyalwayswaveyougoodbyeinaninformalway?Therearealwayssomepeopletalkinghappilyinthepark.6)Therehassomewaterintheglass.7)OnthedoorhasabigredChineseword“Happiness”.8)Thegirllookedthesmallanimalwithpleasure.9)Hegavetohersomelovelyflowers.10)Thestreetsalwayshavemanycarsrunnowadays.Thereissomewaterintheglass.OnthedoorthereisabigredChineseword“Happiness”./ThereisabigredChineseword“Happiness”onthedoor./OnthedoorisabigredChineseword“Happiness”.Thegirllookedatthesmallanimalwithpleasure.Hegavehersomelovelyflowers./Hegavesomelovelyflowerstoher.Therearealwaysmanycarsrunninginthestreetsnowadays.BackWeoftenpreparesomeChinesefoodforourforeignfriends.Canyougivemesomehelp?/Canyoudomeafavor?Let’sreserveforhimaquietroominthehotel.LiLiteachesMr.GreenChineseeverymorning