被动语态讲解

1.一般现在时态的被动语态结构:am/is/are+vt过去分词2.一般过去时态的被动语态结构:was/were+vt过去分词3.含有情态动词的被动语态结构:情态动词+be+vt过去分词4.一般将来时的被动语态结构:will/shall+be+vt过去分词5.现在进行时态的被动语态结构:am/is/are+being+vt过去分词6.过去进行时态的被动语态结构:was/were+being+vt过去分词7.现在完成时态的被动语态结构:have/hasbeen+vt过去分词Theboybroketheglass.Theglasswasbrokenbytheboy.如何从主动语态变为被动语态？1.主语介词by宾语2.谓语加be,并变为过去分词3.宾语主语主动语态和被动语态对照表时态主动语态被动语态1一般现在时do/doesam/is/are+过去分词2一般过去时didwas/were+过去分词3一般将来时will+动词原形will+be+过去分词4过去将来时would+动词原形would+be+过去分词5现在进行时am/is/are+v-ingam/is/are+being+过去分词6过去进行时was/were+v-ingwas/were+being+过去分词7现在完成时have/has+过去分词have/has+been+过去分词8过去完成时had+过去分词had+been+过去分词9含情态动词情态动词+动词原形情态动词+be+过去分词1.Theymakeshoesinthatfactory.主语+及物动词+宾语Shoesaremade(bythem)inthatfactory.一般现在时：am/is/are+过去分词各种时态变为被动语态2.Theyboughttencomputerslastterm．Tencomputerswerebought(bythem)lastterm.一般过去时：was/were+过去分词Tomwillcleantheroomtomorrow.主谓宾TheroomwillbecleanedbyTomtomorrow.一般将来时：willbe+过去分词3．AmycantakegoodcareofGina．GinacanbetakengoodcareofbyAmy.情态动词：can/may/must/should+be+过去分词5.Someworkersarepaintingtheroomsnow．Theroomsarebeingpaintedbysomeworkersnow.现在进行时：am/is/are+being+过去分词7．Iwasdoingmyhomeworkat8:00lastnight．Myhomeworkwasbeingdone(byme)at8:00lastnight.过去进行时：was/were+being+过去分词6．Wehavemadetwentymorekeys．Twentymorekeyshavebeenmadebyus.现在完成时：have/has+been+过去分词请将下列主动语态变成被动语态1.Lucyboughtsomefruit.Somefruit________________Lucy.2.UncleWangwaterstheflowerseveryday.Theflowers______________UncleWangeveryday.3.Didtheybuildthebridgein1998?____thebridge_____in1998?4.WhendidLuXunwritethesebooks?When_____thesebooks___________LuXun?5.Thefarmersdon’tgrowapplesonthefarm.Apples__________onthefarm.6.Theydidn’tcleantheclassroomyesterday.Theclassroom_______________yesterday.wasboughtbyarewateredbyWasbuiltwerewrittenbyaren’tgrownwasn’tcleaned带情态动词的被动语态1.Youcandotheworkallbyyourself.Thework_______________allbyyourself.2.Wemustplantmoretrees.Moretrees__________________.3.Weshoulddigalargehole.Alargehole______________.4.Canweputourbikeshere?_____ourbikes_________here?5.Youmustn’tthrowrubbishhere.Rubbish_________________here.6.Wecan’tseemanystars.Manystars___________________.canbedonemustbeplantedshouldbedugCanbeputmustn’tbethrowncan’tbeseen在被动语态中要注意的问题一、使役动词(let,have,make等)或感官动词(see,hear,watch,等)在主动语态中后面接的动词不定式省略to，改为被动语态时一定要补上to。如：A.Thebossmakestheworkersworkallday.Theworkersaremadetoworkalldaybytheboss.B.Isawhimenterthehouse.Hewasseentoenterthehousebyme.C.Wehearhersingintheroomeveryday.Sheisheardtosingintheroomeveryday.注意当使用see/hear/watchsbdoingsth时，变为被动语态时，doing不变。如：Isawhimgoingintotheshop.(主动)Hewasseengoingintotheshop.(被动)主动语态被动语态使役动词makesbdosthsbbemadetodosthhavesbdosthsbbehadtodosthletsbdosthsbbelettodosth感官动词seesbdosthsbbeseentodosthwatchsbdosthsbbewatchedtodosthhearsbdosthsbbeheardtodosthnoticesbdosthsbbenoticedtodosthgo1.Tom’sfatherboughthimabook.He_____________abookbyhisfather.Abook___________________himbyhisfather.二、带双宾语的动词有两种改法:1.把指人的宾语作为被动句的主语.2.当把直接宾语物作为主语时，要加介词to,forwasbought在被动语态中要注意的问题wasboughtforpass,show,send…此类动词有：buybeboughtfor如：givebegivento此类动词还有：draw，make,cook,mendHegavemeabeautifulpresent.Iwasgivenabeautifulpresentbyhim.Abeautifulpresentwasgiventome.感官动词(hear,see,watch,feel,notice等)和使役动词(let,makehave等)在主动语态中后接不带to的动词不定式,但是改为被动语态时,把to加在动词原形之前.Theymadetheboyswork12hoursaday.Theboysweremadetowork12hoursaday.Weoftenseehimgoforawalkbytheriver.Heisoftenseentogoforawalkbytheriver.1.Theteachersoftenmakeusreadbooksinthemorning.Weareoftenmadetoreadbooksinthemorningbytheteachers.2.Wenoticedhimtalkwithmybrotherjustnow.Hewasnoticedtotalkwithmybrotherjustnow.3.WesawherhelpTomwhenweentertheroom.ShewasseentohelpTomwhenweentertheroom.4.Imadehimstopwhilehewasdoingthework.Hewasmadetostopwhilehewasdoingthework.3主动句中含有宾语补足语句子的被动语态:把人变为主语Mothertoldmenottobelate.Iwastoldnottobelatebymother.Isawmotherplantingflowersinthegarden.Motherwasseenplantingflowersinthegarden.动词短语变被动语态，后面的介词不能丢。takecareof→betakencareofcutdown→becutdownlaughat→belaughedatlookafter→belookedafterSpeaktobespokentoHandinbehandedin4短语动词的被动语态Icantakegoodcareofthebaby.Thebabycanbetakengoodcareof.Weshouldspeaktotheoldpolitely.Theoldshouldbespokentopolitely.•Therainstopped.•Thesouptastesdelicious.stop,taste在句中是不及物动词，后面不能直接带宾语，因此不能变为被动语态。不及物动词（vi.)不能用于被动语态。happen,takeplace,appear,disappear,belongto,breakout(爆发）e.g.Atrafficaccident________(happen)justnow.happened2.连系动词（Link.v.)不用被动语态。如：be,look,seem,feel,sound,smell,taste,get,turn,become…e.g.PekingOpera_______(sound)beautiful.sounds3.当此动词表示事物的自然属性的时候，不用被动语态。e.g.Thepen__________(write)veryfast.writesThiskindofsweater_______(sell)well.sells三、汉语中含有“据说”、“据悉”、“有人说”、“大家说”等时。例如：Itissaidthatonedayheclimbedtothetopofahouseand……ItwasreportedthathermotherdiedofSARS.众所周知……Itiswellknownthat…据推测说……Itissupposedthat…•Practice:1MustIpayforitatonce?_____it______________atonce?2Wewillbuildanewlab.Anewlab_____________.3Theyaren’tstoppingthetrafficnow.Thetraffic_______________now.4Howlonghaveyoukeptthebook?Howlong____thebook________?Mustbeenpaidforwillbebuiltisn’tbeenstoppinghasbeenkept5Ifyourhomework______(do)well,youmaygotoplay.6Mr.Gr