复杂性科学及其演变

:1672-3813(2004)01-0001-05复杂性科学及其演变金吾伦1,郭元林2(1.,100732;2.,300072):复杂性科学是研究复杂系统行为与性质的科学,具有统一的方法论整体论或非还原论复杂性科学诞生的标志是一般系统论的创立依据研究对象的变化,我们可把复杂性科学的发展历史大致划分为3个阶段,它们分别是:第一阶段,研究存在;第二阶段,研究演化;第三阶段,综合研究阶段在国内,钱学森学派为发展复杂性科学做了很大贡献:复杂性;复杂系统;复杂性科学:N94;N03:ATheSciencesofComplexityandTheirEvolutionJINWulun1,GUOYuanlin2(1.TheChineseAcademyofSocialSciences,Beijing100732,China;2.SchoolofSocialSciencesandForeignLanguages,TianjinUniversity,Tianjin300072,China)Abstract:Thesciencesofcomplexitystudypropertiesandbehaviorofcomplexsystems.Theyhaveacommonmethodology.Establishinggeneralsystemtheorymarksthebirthofthesciencesofcomplexity.Accordingtochangeintheirobjectsofstudy,thehistoryofthesciencesofcomplexitycouldbedividedroughlyintothreeperiods:inthefirstperiod,theystudybeing;inthesecondperiod,theystudybecoming;inthethirdperiod,theymakesyntheticalstudies.Inourcountry,theQianXuesensSchoolmakesagreatercontributiontothesciencesofcomplexity.Keywords:complexity;complexsystem;sciencesofcomplexity,,,,,3:1),;2),()(),;3),,,,,;,,,,!∀!∀1:2003-09-05:(1937-),,,,Vol.1No.120041COMPLEXSYSTEMSANDCOMPLEXITYSCIENCEJan.2004,,,3,:,;,;,,,1.1,:,2040,1968#:∃,40,,:,,,,,[1],1948#∃#∃,,#∃8,1961,!∀,[2],,,1943[3],3,:3,,3,,,,,,1.2:,206070,,2050%,,,,,,(Langton),,,,,,,[4,5]1.2.1206070,:,,[6],,,,,%2%20041[7],,,,[8][9],,(M.Eigen)2070,,,,,,[10]1.2.2,,,4,:,;,;,;,[11]4,,,,,,,(ReneThom),,,4,75,11[12]1.3,,,,19845,:(),:!,,40,,10,(),∀[13],,,:,(),,,[14],[15,16](Holland),;,[17],,,,,,[18],,,,[19],,%3%,:,[20],(,),,,,,,#∃(complexity),1999,,,#∃,[21],22080,,,!(OCGS)∀,[22]1990#∃#∃,[23],!∀(metasynthesis)(),,,,!∀,-,,,!∀(MetasytheticEngineering)[24],,H.(H.Haken)#∃:!,,∀:!∀[25]1996,,,[24];,#85∃,[26],,,2001,,:[1].:[M].,,.:,1987.[2].[M]..:,1984.[3],.20[M].:,1999.[4]FranklinJ.Theformalsciencesdiscoverthephilosophersstone[J].StudiesinHistoryandPhilosophyofScience,1994,25(4):513-533.[5]KevindeLaplante.Certaintyanddomainindependenceinthesciencesofcomplexity:acritiqueofJamesFranklinsaccountofformalscience[J].StudiesinHistoryandPhilosophyofScience,1999,30(4):699-720.[6],.[M].:,1991.[7],.[M].,.:,1987.%4%20041[8],.[M].:,1989.[9].[M].:,1990.[10]M,P.[M].,.:,1990.[11].[M].:,2000.[12]%.:[M]..:,1989.[13]PinesD.Emergingsynthesesinscience[M].AddisonWesley,1988.[14]CowanG,PinesD,MeltzerD.Complexity:metaphors,models,andreality[M].AddisonWesley,1994.[15]%.[M].,.:,2000.[16]HeylighenF,BollenJ,RieglerA.Theevolutionofcomplexity[M].Dordrecht:KluwerAcademicPublishers,1999,282-283.[17]%.[M].,.:,2001.[18]Pagels,HeinzR.Dreamsofreason:Thecomputerandtheriseofthesciencesofcomplexity[M].NewYork:SimonandSchuster,1987.[19].:[M]..:%%,1998.[20]SteinD.Lecturesinthesciencesofcomplexity[M].Studiesinthesciencesofcomplexity[Z].RedwoodCity,California:AddisonWesley,1989.[21]LissackMR.Complexity:thescience,itsvocabularyanditsrelationtoorganizations[J].Emergence,AJournalofComplexityIssuesinOrganizationsandManagement,1999,1(1):110-126.[22].[J].,2001,9(4):3-9.[23],,.[J].,1990,13(1):3-10.[24],,,.[M].:,1996.[25].[M].:,1994.[26].85[C].:,1996.%5%,: