语法复习专题(11)Unit11名词性从句一、考点聚焦1、名词性从句中连接词的运用名词性从句中的连接词有连词that/whether/asif,连接代词what/who/which/whose/whatever/whoever/whomever/whichever,连接副词where/when/why/how/wherever/whenever。(1)that的用法。①主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中用that但不能省略。如:ThattheyaregoodatEnglishisknowntousall.Theproblemisthatwedon’thaveenoughmoney.SheexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometoChinaoneday.②宾语从句中的连接词that有时可省有时又不可省,在以下几种情况中that不能省略:(A)当that从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入词语或者从句主语之间有插入语时,that不可省略;(B)当that从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时,that不能省;(C)当that作介词宾语时,that不可省掉。如:Hejudgedthat,becausehewasachild,hedidnotunderstandwineEveryoneknewwhathappenedandthatshewasworried.Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo.③that从句作主语和宾语时,可以用it来替换成以下几种结构表达。(A)Itisclear/certain/likely/true/surprisingthat…(B)Itisapity/shame/goodidea/nowonderthat...(C)Itissaid/reported/believed/known/thought/suggestedthat…(D)Itseems/happensthat。如:IthappenedthatIwentoutlastnight.ItissaidthatChinawillwinintheWorldCup.④that和what的区别。that引导名词性从句时,在主从句中不以当任何句子成分,也没有任何含义;而what引导名词性从句时,在主从句中都要充当一定的句子成分,what可以分解成定语从句中的先行词+关系代词即常说的先行词+that。如:It’sshamethathehasmadesuchamistake.Dowhathesays.⑤同位语从句与定语从句中that的区别。同位语从句中的连词that只起连接作用,在从句中不担当任何句子成分;而定语从句中的关系代词that在句中做宾语或主语,宾语与先行词有修饰关系。如果句子是同位语从句,就应用连词that而不能用which.同位语从句一般放在表具体含义的名词后解释名词的含义或内容,如以下名词:news、fact、suggestion、truth、plan、belief、doubt、possibility、idea等,而定语从句只是对先行词的限定和修饰。如:TheyexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain.(同位语从句)ThehopesheexpressedisthattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain.(定语从句)(2)whether和if的用法。①whether和if在宾语从句中可以互换,但是作介词宾语时连接词一般用whether。如:Italldependsonwhethertheywillcomeback.②后面直接跟ornot时用whether。如:Ididn’tknowwhetherornothehadarrivedinWuhan.③主语从句表语从句中只能用whether。如:Whetherthemeetingwillbeputoffhasnotbeendecidedyet.Thequestioniswhethertheyhavesomuchmoney.④whether可以引导同位语从句,用以说明前面的名词的内容,if不能。如:Weoughttodiscusscarefullythequestionwhetherwecandoitornot.⑤whether常与or连用表示一种选择,if不能这样用;whether也可与动词不定式连用但if不能。如:Thequestionofwhethertheyaremaleorfemaleisnotimpor-tant.Ihavenotdecidedwhethertogoornot.⑥间接引语位于句首时或者是间接引语提前时用whether不用if。如:Thankyou,butwhetherI’llbefreeI’mnotsureatthemoment.⑦whether可引导一个让步状语从句表示“不管”、“无论”,而if不能。如:Whetherhecomesornot,wewillbeginourpartyontime.(3)疑问词+ever和nomatter+疑问词的区别。①疑问词+ever可引导名词性从句,在主从句中要充当一定的部分。如:Whoeverbreakstherulemustbepunished.Youcanchoosewhateveryoulikeintheshop.②疑问词+ever还可引导让步状语从句。如:Whoeverbreakstherule,hemustbepunished,Whateveryoudo,youmustdoitwell.③nomatter+疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。如:Nomatterwhatyoudo,youmustdoitwell.Nomatterwhobreakstherule,hemustbepunished.(4)when和where引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别。when和where前面的名词若是表示时间、地点的名词,则when和where引导的是定语从句,否则则为同位语从句。如:Theyputforwardthequestionwheretheycouldgetthemoney.Thisistheplacewheretheaccidenthappened.2、名词性从句中主句和从句的时态一致(1)宾语从句中主句和从句的时态保持一致,但如果从句中表示提示的是客观现象,虽然主句是过去时态,从句仍用一般现在时。如:Hello,Ididn’tknowyouwereinLondon.Howlonghaveyoubeenhere?Theteachertoldusthatlighttravelsataveryhighspeed.(2)主语从句作主语相当于单数第三人称作主语,谓语动词用单数,如果由and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时,谓语动词用复数;由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句,谓语动词用单数。如:Whenthemeetingwillbeginhasnotbeendecidedyet.Whentheywillstartandwheretheygohavenotbeendecidedyet.Whenandwherethemeetingwillbeginhasnotbeendecided.3、名词性从句的词序名词性从句在句中要用陈述句语序。如:Heaskedmewhatwasthematterwithme.We’veheardthenewsthatwe’llmoveintothenewhouse.Whateveryousaywillinterestusall.二、精典名题导解选择填空1.Acomputercanonlydo________youhaveinstructedittodo.(NMET2001)A.howB.afterC.whatD.when解析:答案为C。本题考查的是名词性从句作宾语的用法。此句的引导词既作连词又在宾语从句中充当一成分,故what最合适。2.—IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek..—Isthat_________youhadafewdaysoff?(NMET99)A.whyB.whenC.whatD.where解析:答案为A。此题考查的是从句的用法。根据题意“我上周开车去珠海看航空展去了。”下面一句接着问:“那就是你为什么离开的原因吗?”故用why引导表语从句表示原因。3.Ihate__________whenpeopetalkwiththeirmouthsfull.(NMET98)A.itB.thatC.theseD.them解析:答案为A。本题考查的是形式宾语的用法。题意为“我讨厌人们谈话时嘴里塞满东西”。该空白处没有任何含义,而且已经用了when连接该宾语从句,所以此处只填一个形式宾语it。4.IthinkFatherwouldliketoknowI’vebeenuptosofar,soIdecidetosendhimaquicknote.A.whichB.whyC.whatD.how解析:答案为C。考查宾语从句连词用法,由结构sb.beuptosth.可知,应选what作介词to的宾语。5.Wecannotfigureoutquiteanumberofinsects,birds,andanimalsaredyingout.A.thatB.asC.whyD.when解析:答案为C。本题考查宾语从句知识,figureout为及物动词,故此句为宾语从句,从句意得知连词在从句中作原因状语,故选why.6.AfterYangLiweisucceededincirclingtheearth,ourastronautsdesiredoiswalkinspace.A.whereB.whatC.thatD.how解析:答案为B。此题句子为时间状语从句,全主句的主语是由主语从句来充当的,并且主语从句中不定式动词do缺少宾语,故选what。