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主流服务器UNIX操作系统用户帐号的设置账号设置HP-UXFreeBSDSolaris(SPARC)密码文件/etc/passwd/tcb/files/auth/r/root/etc/passwd/etc/master.passwd/etc/passwd/etc/shadow组文件/etc/group/etc/logingroup/etc/group/etc/group允许最大用户ID2147483647655352147483647允许远程登录的用户文件设置/etc/securetty{console}/etc/ttys{secure}/etc/default/login{CONSOLE=/dev/console}Nobody的UID-26553460001&65534(nobody4)Nobody的GID-2(nogroup)6553460002&65534(nogroup)找回ROOT密码bootInteractwithIPL?YISLhpux-iSpasswdrootokboot-spasswdrootbootcdrom-smkdir/tmp/amount/dev/c0t0d0s0/tmp/avi/tmp/a/etc/shadow创建新用户useraddadduserUseradd删除用户userdelrmuserUserdel列出用户loginsLogins修改用户账号usermodUsermod账号设置AIXLinux(RedHat)密码文件/etc/passwd/etc/security/passwd/etc/passwd/etc/shadow组文件/etc/group/etc/security/group/etc/group允许最大用户ID429496729565535允许远程登录的用户文件设置/etc/security/user{rlogin=true}/etc/securetty{ttyp1}Nobody的UID429496729499Nobody的GID429496729499找回ROOT密码bootfromCD/TapeInstallation/MaintenanceStartLimitedShellgetrootfshdisk0vi/etc/security/passwd{lilo}control-xlinuxSpasswdroot{grub}ckernelvmlinuz-2.4.9-13singleroroot=/dev/hda8initrd/initrd-2.4.9-13.imgbootpasswdroot创建新用户mkuserUseradd删除用户rmuserUserdel列出用户lsuser-fALL修改用户账号chuser-ausermod主流服务器UNIX操作系统目录结构对比DirectoryMappingsAIXFreeBSDHP-UXRootfilesystem/{/dev/hd4}/{/dev/ad0s1a}/{/dev/vg00/lvol1}HomeDirectory/home{/dev/hd1}/home{/dev/vg00/lvol4}/tmp{/dev/hd3}/tmp{/dev/vg00/lvol6}/usr{/dev/hd2}/usr{/dev/ad0s1f}/usr{/dev/vg00/lvol7}/var{/dev/hd9var}/var{/dev/ad0s1e}/var{/dev/vg00/lvol8}Sampleconfigurationfiles-/usr/newconfigDirectoryMappingsLinux(RedHat)SolarisTru64Rootfilesystem/{/dev/sda1}/{/dev/vx/dsk/rootvol}/{/dev/rz0a}HomeDirectory/export/home{dev/vx/dsk/home}/tmp{dev/vx/dsk/swapvol}/usr/usr{/dev/rz0g}/varSampleconfigurationfiles主流服务器UNIX操作系统常用命令GeneralCommandsAIXFreeBSDHP-UXLinux(RedHat)SolarisTru64UniquehostIDhostiduname-ihostidhostidhostidAdministratorsmitsamlinuxconfadmintoolPerformancemonitortopmonitortoptopglanceToptoptopSystemactivityreportersarsasarsarVirtualMemorystatisticsvmstatvmstatvmstatvmstatvmstatvmstatI/OstatisticsiostatiostatiostatiostatiostatErrorlogsalog-o-tbooterrptdmesgdmesgDmesgdmesguerf-R-ofullPhysicalRAM1MTB4TB64GB{2.3.24}16TB4TBSharedMemory64KTB8TBsysctlkernel.shmmaxProcessDataSpace384KTB4TB900MBSwapdevice/dev/hd6/dev/ad0s1b/dev/vg00/lvol2/dev/sda2/dev/vx/dsk/swapvol/dev/rz0bSwapfiletype/etc/swapspacesswapswappartitiontype82swaprawDisplayswapsizelsps-aswapinfoswapinfo-aFreeswap-lswapon-sActivateSwapswapon-aswapon-aswapon-aswapon-aswap-aswapon-a主流服务器UNIX操作系统打印机、TCP/IP设置PrintersAIXFreeBSDHP-UXPrinterQueues/etc/qconfig/var/spool/print/etc/lp/interface/*StopLPstopsrc-slpdlpshutStartLPstartsrc-slpdLpdlpschedSubmitprintjobsenqlplprqprtLplpLPstatisticsenq-AlpqlpstatqchkLpqlpstatRemoveprintjobscancellprmqcanenq-xCancellprmcancelAddprinterqueuesmitmkpqlpadmin-ppqRemovePrinterQsmitrmpqlpadmin-xpqMakedefaultPrtexportLPDEST=pqlpadmin-dpqTCP/IPAIXFreeBSDHP-UXNetworkIPconfigurationlsattr-E-linet0/etc/rc.conf/etc/rc.config.d/netconfHostsIPaddresses/etc/hosts/etc/hosts/etc/hostsNameserviceswitch/etc/netsvc.conf/etc/host.conf/etc/nsswitch.confNetworkparametersno–aSysctlndd-hRoutingdaemonGatedRoutedgatedNICConfigurationsifconfig–aifconfig-alanscan-vSecondaryIPAddrifconfigen0aliasIPifconfigxl0aliasIPifconfiglan0:1IPLoginpromptHERALD@/etc/security/login.cfgtelnetd–b/etc/issueIncreasethe#ofpseudo-terminalsodmget-qattribute=numanduniquetype=pty/pty/ptyPdAt|seds/0-64/0-512/|odmchange-qattribute=numanduniquetype=pty/pty/pty-oPdAtchdev-lpty0-anum=256-PrebuildyourkernelwiththesenewvaluesNPTY=#NSTRPY=#rebootinsf-dptys-n#insf-dptym-n#rebootinsf-dpts-s#-e-vMaximum#ofptys512{MAXUSERS}RemoteShellRemshrshRshremshYP/NISservicebinder/usr/lib/netsvc/yp/ypbind/usr/sbin/ypbind/usr/lib/netsvc/yp/ypbind主流服务器UNIX操作系统打印机、TCP/IP设置续PrintersLinux(Redhat)Solaris(SPARC)Tru64PrinterQueues/var/spool/lpd/lp/*/etc/lp/interfaces/*/usr/spool/lpdStopLP/etc/init.d/lpdstop/usr/lib/lp/lpshut/sbin/init.d/lpdstopStartLP/etc/init.d/lpdstart/usr/lib/lp/lpsched/sbin/init.d/lpdstartSubmitprintjobsLprLplprLplprLPstatisticsLpqLpstatLpstatRemoveprintjobsLprmCancellprmcancellprmAddprinterqueuePrinttoollpadmin-ppqLprsetupRemovePrinterQlpadmin-xpqLprsetupMakedefaultPrtlpadmin-dpqexportPRINTER=lpTCP/IPLinux(RedHat)Solaris(SPARC)Tru64NetworkIPconfiguration/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts//etc/hostname.*/etc/inet/*/etc/defaultrouter/etc/rc.configHostsIPaddresses/etc/hosts/etc/inet/hosts/etc/hostsNameserviceswitch/etc/nsswitch.conf/etc/nsswitch.conf/etc/svc.confNetworkparameterssysctl-a|grepnetNdd/dev/[tcp|ip]?Routingdaemonroutedin.routedroutedNICConfigurationsifconfig-aifconfig–aifconfig-aSecondaryIPAddrmodprobeip_aliasifconfigeth0:1IPifconfighme0:1IPupifconfigln0aliasLoginprompt/etc/issueBANNER@/etc/default/telnetd/etc/issueIncreasethe#ofpseudo-terminalscd/dev./MAKEDEV-vpty{/etc/system}setpt_cnt=#{SYSV}setnpty=#{BSD}{/etc/iu.ap}ptsl0#ldtermttcompathaltboot–rcd/dev./MAKEDEVPTY_1Maximum#ofptys256176{BSD}3000{SYSV}8192RemoteShellrshRshrshYP/NISservicebinder/sbin/ypbind/usr/lib/netsvc/yp/ypbind/usr/s