公共服务动机的结构及测量

616200811()WuhanUniversityJournal(Philosophy&SocialSciences)Vol.61.No.6Nov.2008.797~802:20080323:,,;430072:2008(2008y002)公共服务动机的结构及测量李小华[]西方学者认为,公共服务动机是公共部门员工所具有的一种不同于其它部门员工的特定行为动机,不过他们研究公共服务动机采用的测量方法不同按其实质,可以分成直接测量和间接测量两种直接测量是借助测量问卷通过一组调查项目来测量,间接测量又分成引发动机的需要测量以及对动机后果的行为测量两种,是一种替代测量方式,其中直接测量较间接测量更为科学[]公共服务动机;直接测量;间接测量[]D035[]A[]16727320(2008)06079706,(),,,(publicservicemotivation,PSM)[1](522),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,(),,,()61,,,,(Rainey),[2](288302),,(Nowlin)80%,,;[3](224227)(Wittmer),,,[4](369383)54,,[5](288302),,(Crewson)[6](499518)(Houston)[7](713727),,,,,:,!!!(serviceorientation)(economicorientation),,,,,,,,,,1994IEEE(InstitutionforElectricalandElectronicsEngineers,),,,,,,,1973-1993(GeneralSocialSurvey,GSS)14,,14,,,,,GSS,:,:,,,:,7986:,,,,,,,,,,,:(),,(jobinvolvement),,,,:,,(Brewer&Selden)[8](685711)[9](413439),,,,,,!!!,,,,,,,,,,,(illegal)(wastefulactivity),,(whistleblowers)(inactiveobservers),,,,,,,!,!!!,,,,,[9](413439),,,,,,,,,,,799()61,,,(Perry),,,,(Wise),,,,,[1](522)!(Knoke&WrightIsak),:(rational)(normbased)(affective)(Kehlmann),,,,,,,(Friderichsen&Hart)(patriotismofbenevolence),,,,,:40(Likert),MPA,424,,,,,:,!,!!!,GFI(goodnessoffitindex)AGFI(adjustedgoodnessoffitindex),,,,(MeritSystemsProtectionBoard,MSPB)!!!(Merit8006:PrincipleSurvey)6,24,,,(prosocialbehavior),(Snyder,Osland&Hunter),8[10](1527),,,,(Wilson)[11](157172),!!!,,,,:(1),;(2),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,!!!,,,,,,,,,,:(1),();(2),,[][1]Perry,J.L.1996.MeasuringPublicServiceMotivation:AnAssessmentofConstructReliabilityandValidity,JournalofPublicAdministrationResearchandTheory6(1).[2]Rainey,H.G.1982.RewardPreferencesamongPublicandPrivateManagers:InSearchoftheServiceEthic,801()61AmericanReviewofPublicAdministration16(4).[3]Nowlin,W.A.1982.FactorstheMotivatePublicandPrivateSectorManagers:AComparison,PublicPersonnelManagementJournal11(3).[4]Wittmer,D.1991.ServingthePeopleorServingforPay:RewardPreferencesamongGovernment,HybridSector,andBusinessManagers,PublicProductivityAndManagementReview14(4).[5]Rainey,H.G.1982.RewardPreferencesamongPublicandPrivateManagers:inSearchoftheServiceEthic,AmericanReviewofPublicAdministration16(4).[6]Crewson,P.E.1997.PublicserviceMotivation:BuildingEmpiricalEvidenceofIncidenceandEffect,JournalofPublicAdministrationResearchandTheory7(4).[7]Houston,D.J.2000.PublicserviceMotivation:AMultivariateTest,JournalofPublicAdministrationResearchandTheory10(4).[8]Brewer,G.A.&S.C.Selden.2000.WhyElephantsGallop:AssessingandPredictingOrganizationalPerformanceinFederalAgencies,JournalofPublicAdministrationResearchandTheory10(4).[9]Brewer,G.A.&S.C.Selden.1998.WhistleBlowersintheFederalCivilService:NewEvidenceofthePublicServiceEthic,JournalofPublicAdministrationResearchandTheory8(3).[10]Snyder,M.M.&J.Osland,L.Hunter.1996.PublicandPrivateOrganizationsinLatinAmerica:AComparisonofRewardPreferences,InternationalJournalofPublicSectorManagement9(2).[11]Wilson,P.A.2003.Politics,Values,andCommitment:AnInnovativeResearchDesigntoOperationalizeandMeasurePublicServiceMotives,InternationalJournalofPublicAdministration26(2).(叶娟丽)StructureofPublicServiceMotivation&ItsMeasurementLiXiaohua(SchoolofPolitics&PublicAdministration,WuhanUniversity,Wuhan430072,Hubei,China)Abstract:Publicservicemotivationisakindofspecialbehaviormotivationaccountingforthebehaviorofpublicsectoremployeesastheresearchofpublicadministrationscholars,whichisquitedifferentfromthoseofothersectoremployees.Themethodsformeasuringpublicservicemotivationwerediverse.Focusingontheresearchofpublicservicemotivation,theapproachestopublicservicemotivationmeasurementcanbeclassifiedintotwodifferentkinds.Oneisdirectapproachbycertainsurveyitems,theotherisindirectapproachbymeasuringtheneedsormeasuringbehavior.Thefirstoneismoreacceptable.Keywords:publicservicemotivation;directmeasurement;indirectmeasurement802