基于生态系统服务功能的龙河流域生态系统健康研究

重庆大学硕士学位论文基于生态系统服务功能的龙河流域生态系统健康研究姓名：张国平申请学位级别：硕士专业：环境工程指导教师：袁兴中20060401I14.0687.8340.962.530.0350.1320.705CO2O20.8671.0050.4620.5110.5480.5062IIABSTRACTThispapertakesthebasicprincipleofecosystemecologyandwatershedecologyasthetheoreticalfoundationofthedissertation.Itmainlystudiestwoaspects:first,doingvalueestimationofecosystemservicesfunctioninordertoknowtheleadingecosystemservicesfunctionandtotalpriceofLongheriverwatershed;second,doingecosystemhealthassessmentofthewatershedsothathavethecoparativelyqualitativeandquantitativeknowledgeofecosystemhealthconditionofthewatershed.Intheecosystemhealthassessment,itconsultssomethoughtofeconomicgeography,followingtheprincipleofservicingpeople,fromthethreeaspectsofsociety,economy,ecosystem,examingtheecosystemhealthconditionofLongheriverwatershed,andputsforwardanideathattomeasureahealthyecosystemisnotonlyfromtheangleofpurenatureandpureecology,butyalsomustconsiderthelevelofeconomydevelopmentandthelevelofmaturationofsocialhumanities.ThispaperthroughpracticalinvestigationintothepresentconditionofLongheriverwatershed,onthebasisoftheprincipleofecologicaleconomicsangresourceeconomics,applytheMarket-valuemethod,theShadow-projectmethod,theAsset-costmethodandmanyotherestimationmethodsofecosystemxervicesfunctiontoestimatethevalueofecosystemservicesfunctionofLongheriverwatershed.CaculatethetotalpriceoftheecosystemservicesfunctionofLongheriverwatershedwhichis1billion4hundredandsixmillion8hundredthousandYuan.Itincludesthatmaterialproduceis7hundredand83million4hundredthousandYuan;entertainmentandtourismis96millionYuan;supplyingwaterresourceis2hundredand53millionYuan;cultureandscientificresearchis3million5hundredthousandYuan;waterqualitypurityis13million2hundredthousandYuan;regulatingandstoringfloodwaterandcontrollingfloodandrevetmentis7million5hundredthousandYuan;fixingCO2andreleasingO2is86millionand7hundredthousandYuan;creaturehabitatis1hundremillion5hundredthousandYuan.Theeconomicalvalueoccupytheimportantproportionandecologicalvalueandsocialvaluearealsoimportant.Onthebasisofdiscussingtheecosystemstructureandservicefunctionofwatershedecosystem,Basingonthetheoryofecosystemhealth,accordingtothecharacter,functionandsocialeconomyofthewatershedecosystemandothernormsasthetop-gradenorm,constructthehealthassessmentnormsystemoftheecosystemofIIILongheriverwatershed.AdoptingIllegibleIntegrationProcess,comparativelyestimatingtheecosystemhealthofthewatershed,obtaintheconculsionthroughcaculatingthatthehealthindexofecosystemcharacteris0.462;thehealthindexofecosystemfunctionis0.511;thehealthindexofsocialhumanityinfluenceis0.548.Inthewatershed,thewholeecosystemhealthindexis0.5062.Basingontherankingofassessmentstandard,theecosystemhealthconditionofLongheriverwatershedisinferiorhealthy.Throughestimateingtheecosystemserviceandvaluatingthehealthyofthewatershed,havethequatitativegraspaboutthepresentecologicalenvironmentconditionandpolicy-carryoutconditionofthewatershed,andaimingattheproblemswhicharefoundintheanalysisprovidescientificbaseforthewatershedmanagers,andeasytoformulatemanagepolicy.Meanwhile,thispaperprovideprimaryexperienceforthefurtherhealthassessmentandcomprehensivemanagingstudytotheLongheriverwatershewdinthefuture.IthasthepositivefunctionfortheenvironmentalprotectionandtheconstructionofecosystemoftheThreeGorgesreservoirarea.Keywords:Ecosystemservicesfunction,Valuueestimation,Ecosystemhealth,Healthassessment,Longheriverwatershed1111.11.1.1[1]1941AldoLeopold60[2]1988Schaefer[3]1989Rapport[4]KarrJRCostanzaRHaworthLMageau[5][6]20901994(InternationalSocietyofEcosystemHealthISEH)90OECD——P-S-R[7]20016[8]()1997[9]1.1.2——12[10]1.1.3--[11]90[12][13][14]1317[1516]1.1.41.21.2.1141.2.21.2.31.31.1151.1Fig.1.1Technicalcourcesofdissertation2622.12.1.11864GeorgeMarsh[17]AldnLeopold[18]1962Carson[19][20]1974Holdren[21]1981Ehrilship[22]1992Gordonlrene[23]Costanza17199927[24][25][26][27]2.1.2Goulderet.al.1997[28]1997CostanzaCostanza1997//1516028000×108~540000×108330000×108GNP1.8Costanza[29][30]1998Costanza[31]Costanza[32]GDP2.1.3Costanza17[33]292.1[34]32102.1Pearce1992Fig.2.1ClassesofeconomicvalueofecosystemservicesfunctionPearce1992[35][36]=2112.22.2.1Schaeffer1988[3]Rapport1989[4]Rapport3[37]123456Rapport[38]2.2CairnsBormann212[39][40](Sustainability)2.2Rapport1998Fig.2.2RelationofhumanactivityandecosystemhealthRapport1998[41][42])213[43]——[44][45]1234562.2.2()()[4142]214(rivercontinuum)[46][46]41[4748]2[47]32154[41-45]2.2.3CostanzaHealthIndexHIHI=V×O×RVVigorOOrganizationRResilience[49][50]()()[50]216[51][52][53]20025Muskoka——[54]———[55]31733.13.1.128132910km23.13.1Fig.3.1LocationofLongheriverwatershedbluepart3.1.23181934m1600m2000m1800m16.5oC1109.0mm2781227.5mm18.9oC11.3oC1211.5mm3362201333h140km2910km228m3/s80.6km1485km259.4km1425km223951949192191211331947300202819784—173193.2200462.526.3042.08%20047.59.1GDP286.5136.49%14.7631.730.937.4143911330063.51%3.311863.92km2(977.63km2886.29km2)448.53t/a216320CODBOD534542144.1[46][56]12344.14224.1Fig.4.1WatersystemofLongheriver4.24.2.13[57]423V“U”——“”8km30m4.2.24