多边投资体系与服务业跨国公司

湘潭大学硕士学位论文多边投资体系与服务业跨国公司姓名：吕志华申请学位级别：硕士专业：政治经济学指导教师：刘长庚20060508I(MultilateralInvestmentSystem,MIS)(GeneralAgreementonTradeinServices,GATS)(Trade-RelatedAspectsofIntellectualPropertyRights,TRIPs)IIABSTRACTMultilateralInvestmentSystemreferstothewiderangeofinvestment-relatedinternationalinstitutionsandmultilateralagreements,whichareacceptedorparticipatedbymostcountriesoftheworld.Itisaninternationalinstitutionalframeworktostandardizetheconductandtreatmentofinvestors,promotetheinvestmentprotection,andsettleinvestmentdisputes.Thecompetitiveadvantageofmultinationalenterprisesinservicesisderivedfromitsidentification,selectionandcultivationofrelatedresources,capabilitiesandknowledge,especiallyfromthecreation,possessionandmaintainingofsomeheterogenicandintangibleresources.Whatisdifferentfromthemultinationalenterprisesinmanufactureisthatthefreemarketandsafeinternationalbusinessenvironmentplaysamuchmoreimportantroleincompetitiveadvantageofmultinationalenterprisesinservices.Itisbecausethat,ontheonehand,multinationalenterprisesinserviceshashigherdependenceoninternationalmarkets.itsmainpurposeistoservetheinternationalbusinessandoccupationofthelocalmarket.Ontheotherhand,thecompetitiveadvantageofmultinationalenterprisesinservicesarederivedfromintangibleresourcesincludingtrademarks,goodwill,proprietaryinformation,technologyofservices,managementcapacityandsoon.Thecreatingandmaintainingofintangibleresourcesneedsamoresecureexternalenvironment.Thisarticleshowsthatmultilateralinvestmentsystemhascreatedagraduallyliberalizinginternationalmarketandrelativelysaferbusinessenvironment.ItishelpfultothedevelopmentoftheservicesectorMNEs.Tobespecific,aseriesofmultilateralagreements,especiallytheGeneralAgreementonTradeinServices,havecreatedagraduallyliberalizinginternationalmarketfortheservicesectorMNEs.Theyarehelpfultotheinnovatingandaccumulatingofknowledgeandtechnology.TheyhavebeendeepeningoftheinternationaldivisionoflaborservicesbetweenMNEs.Meanwhile,the“Trade-RelatedAspectsofIntellectualPropertyRights”andsomeothermultilateralagreementshavecreatedandcultivatedarelativelysaferbusinessenvironmentforMNEsinservices.ItalsoexpandsthedevelopmentspaceforservicesMNEs.TheauthorusestheaboveconclusionstoanalyzeChina'sserviceindustryenterprises.Thestudyshowsthat,ontheonehand,themultilateralinvestmentsystemwillmakeChina'senterprisesinservicefacefiercecompetitionfrompowerfulMNEs.Thesurvivalanddevelopmentofthemwillcounterunprecedentedchallenges;Ontheotherhand,thefreeinternationalmarketwillIIIprovidesubstantialbusinessdevelopmentopportunitiesforChina’sservicesenterprises.KEYWORDS:MultilateralInvestmentSystem;MultinationalEnterprisesinServices;GeneralAgreementonTradeinServices;Trade-RelatedAspectsofIntellectualPropertyRights11.1[1]WTO200460%20%30%[2]500500200550024749.4%1004747%1(Resource-basedFirmTheory)2[3](MarketSeeking)FDI[4]312J.H.DunningNormanMcQueenCassonJohnDunning&Norman1983JohnDunning&McQueen1982Casson1982()3BorgaMann(Borga,Maria&MichaelMann,2003)200184%61%93%WorldInvestmentReport2004TheShiftTowardsServices118Borga,Maria&MichaelMann2003U.S.InternationalServices:Cross-BorderTradein2002andSalesthroughAffiliatesin2001,SurveyofCurrentBusiness,P58-118.(MultilateralInvestmentSystemMIS)1.2(MultilateralInvestmentSystemMIS)()()4(MIS)()ThomasL.BrewerStephenYoung(ThomasL.Brewer&StephenYoung)(MIS)20804(MultilateralInvestmentSystem,MIS)2090OECD(MultilateralAgreementonInvestment,MAI)MAIWTO(MultilateralInvestmentAgreement,MIA)MAIMIA(MIS)MAIMIA(MIS)3[5]FrancoisWooton(JosephFrancois&IanWooton2001)(GeneralAgreementonTradeinServicesGATS)GATS[6]WTO(MFI)WTO(MFI)WTO1.3(GATS)(TRIPs)(1995)(GATS)GATSGATSGATS4GATSGATSGATSGATS(TRIPs)TRIPsTRIPs(J.H.Dunning)(EclecticParadigm)TRIPsWTO1.45(GATS)(TRIPs)(GATS)6(MultilateralInvestmentSystemMIS)()()52.12.1.1(1979Dunning1993)[7][8](EquityArrangements)(Non-EquityArrangements)(ServiceIndustry)(UNCTAD2004)[9]GATSCommercialPresence65(MultilateralInvestmentSystem,MIS)2090OECD(MultilateralAgreementonInvestment,MAI)MAIWTO(MultilateralInvestmentAgreement,MIA)MAIMIA(MIS)MAIMIA(MIS)6(GATS)7(Licensing)(Franchising)(Management-Contracting)(J.J.Boddewyn&A.C.Perry1986;BuckleyP.J.&MarkCasson.1985)[10][11]2.1.220802.1.2.1500500200550024749.4%1004747%20902090VodafoneFranceTelecomDeutscheTelekomTelecomItaliaSpain’sTelefonica[9]2.1.2.2(M&A)2090(M&A)(UNCTAD2004)2090FDI1987199036%1996200063%1987200364%57%8147019881990200120032090[9]2.1.2.32.1.2.4207070809092.2(MultilateralInvestmentSystem)2.2.1(NationalPolicy)2.2.2(Rent-seekingTendency)()2.2.3(Unilateralpolicy)102.3(MultilateralInvestmentSystemMIS)()()[12]2.3.1(20402060)[7]19481948GeneralAgreementonTariffsandTradeGATT19492.3.220602080206010000700001600Sauvant1977[13]20701974(UNEconomicandSocialCouncilECOSOC)12(CommissionandtheCenteronTransnationalCorporation)48111976[5]2.3.3(20802090)20802080GATT1995WTO1994(TRIMs)(TRIPs)(GATS)(SCMs)TRIMSTRIPsGATSSCMsOECD1995(MultilateralAgreementonInvestmentMAI)[5]2.3.4(2090)20901997WTO20003135UNWTO1995(OECD)(MAI)OECDMAI199