水生态服务功能分析及其间接价值评价

©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(,100085):;(30230090);(KZCX22405):2004205211;:2004206220:(1962),,,E2mail:[e-mail]:ResearchProgramoftheMinistryofWaterResources,PRC.(Waterconservancyandnationaleconomy),NationalScienceKeyFoundation(No.30230090),KnowledgeInnovationItemofCAS(No.KZCX22405)Receiveddate:2004205211;Accepteddate:2004206220Biography:OUYANGZhi2Yun,Ph.D.,Professor,mainlyengagedinsystemecologyandecosystemservices.E2mail:[e-mail]:,,;;;,,,,8,6038178108,116:;;;EcosystemservicesanalysesandvaluationofChinaterrestrialsurfacewatersystemOUYANGZhi2Yun,ZHAOTong2Qian,WANGXiao2Ke,MIAOHong(ResearchCenterforEco2EnvironmentalSciences,ChineseAcademyofSciences,Beijing100080,China).ActaEcologicaSinica,2004,24(10):20912099.Abstract:Waterecosystemservicesimplythenaturalenvironmentalconditionsandtheireffectivenessformedandsustainedbywaterecosystemanditsecologicalprocesses,onwhich,humanlifereliesforexistence.Theynotonlysupplyhumansocietywiththebasicresourcesandproduction,butalsoprovideandmaintainthefundamentallife2supportcondition.Waterecosystemserviceswasdividedintofourgroupsbytheirfunctionandeffectiveness:provisioning,regulating,cultural,andsupportingservices.Provisioningservicesconsistoftheproductsharvestedfromecosystems,includingfreshwatersupplyfordailyusesandothereconomicsections,hydro2powergeneration,navigation,aquaticproductsandgeneticresources.Regulatingservicesimplythebenefitsobtainedfromtheregulationofecosystemprocesses,includingwaterregulation,rivertransportation,erosioncontrol,waterpurificationandwastetreatment,airqualitymaintenance,andclimateregulation.CulturalServicesincludethenon2materialbenefitspeopleobtainedthroughspiritualenrichment,cognitivedevelopment,recreation,andaestheticexperiences,suchasculturaldiversity,educationalvalues,inspiration,aestheticvalues,culturalheritagevalues,recreationandecotourism.Supportingservicesarefoundationoftheproductionofallotherecosystemservices.Theirimpactsonpeopleareeitherindirectoroccuroveraverylongperiod,includingsoilformationandretention,productionofoxygenthroughphotosynthesis,primaryproduction,nutrientcycling,watercycling,andprovisioningofhabitat.©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(productsupply)includingwatersupplyfordailyuses,industryandagricultureandothereconomicsections,hydro2powergeneration,navigation,andaquaticproducts.Waterecologicalservicesplayanevenmoreimportantroleinthesocietythanitsproducts.Keywords:surfacewatersystems;ecosystemservices;ecologicaleconomicvalue;assessment:100020933(2004)1022091209:Q148,TV213.4,X171:A,,,,,,,,,,,[1],,,;,,,20,2070,Larson,,,,[2]1972,Young[3],[410]Wilson[11]19711997,,,,,,,,,,,,1111[12,13],,[14]11111,,11112:(1),,,(2),,,,;,,,;,,,290224©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(3),,(4),,,,,(5),,,,,,,,(6),,,SO2,,(7)CO2,;,,,CO2,,,,11113,:,,,,11114,,,:,,,,112,,411Table1TheindexsystemofindirectvalueassessmentofChineseinlandwaterecosystemservicesEcosystemtypeRegulatingservicesCulturalservicesSupportingservicesFloodingcontrolSoilandsandtransportingWaterresourcestorageSoilconservancyEnvironmentalpurificationCCfixationCreationandtourismProvidingwildlifeHabitatLakeMarshReservoirRiver;figurestheassessedindex,anddenotethatthisindexofcertainecosystemtypewasnotvaluatedinthispaper2211,,21111(100km2)2117116km230100km2,16269179km2[15](2),390210:©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(100km2)Nameoflake(above100km2)Area(km2)Averagestorage(108m3öa)Floodingcontrol(108m3öa)HunanDongtingLake,DatongLake25461717013165182HubeiHongLake,LiangziLake,ChangLake,FutouLake8921524198108124JiangxiBoyangLake,JunshanLake312515157126266174AnhuiChaoLake,LongganLake,HuangdaLake,BoLake,ChengxiLake,CaiziLake,WabuLake,NanyiLake,ChengdongLake,NushanLake,WuchangLake257219575124146176JiangsuTaiLake,HongzeLake,GaoyouLake,LuomaLake,ShijiuLake,YangchengLake,GeLake,BaimaLake5520154110164177157ShandongNansiLake,DongpingLake1245161814333153HebeiBaiyangdianLake366101387132Total16269179567123905198,,46108m3öa;21108m3öa,1246108m3öa,0167öm3(1990)[16]211122000[17],200085120,5183108m3,:420,3843108m3,27104km,4165108,519108666.7m2,553219öhm2[18]21113,,,10km2816438hm2[19],(1500km2,37108m3)[2