社会组织与志愿服务

社会组织与志愿服务SocialOrganizationsandVoluntaryServices中国社会工作协会志愿者工作委员会WorkingCommitteeofVolunteersofChinaAssociationofSocialWorkers二OO八年十二月五日December5,2008一、我国志愿服务的现状I.CurrentSituationofVoluntaryServicesinChina目录Contents二、社会组织在志愿服务行动中发挥的作用II.RolePerformedbySocialOrganizationsinVoluntaryServices三、社会组织参与志愿服务中存在的主要问题III.MainProblemsinVoluntaryServicesParticipatedinbySocialOrganizations四、改进和完善社会组织参与志愿服务的对策建议IV.SuggestionsforSocialOrganizationstoImproveandPerfectTheirParticipatinginVoluntaryServices一、我国志愿服务的现状I.CurrentSituationofVoluntaryServicesinChina我国已拥有注册志愿者五千余万人，形成以社区志愿者、青年志愿者、大学生志愿者为主，职工志愿者、巾帼志愿者、家庭志愿者、扶残助残志愿者、红十字志愿者、老年志愿者、扶贫志愿者、科普志愿者、治安志愿者等各类志愿服务队。Chinahasmorethan50millionregisteredvolunteers,includingcommunityvolunteers,youngvolunteersandcollegestudentvolunteersasmainbody,aswellasworkervolunteers,womenvolunteers,familyvolunteers,volunteersforhelpingthedisabled,RedCrossvolunteers,elderlyvolunteers,volunteersforhelpingthepoor,volunteersforpopularizationofscience,securityvolunteersandothers,whichformvariousvoluntaryorganizations.我国2001年共有7.69亿年满18岁以上的居民以正式或非正式的方式参加志愿服务，志愿服务参与率为85.2%，他们总共贡献时间为189亿小时，人均年志愿服务时间为77小时，相当于2980万个全日劳动力，其贡献值折合人民币1968亿人民币。In2001,Chinahad0.769billionresidentsover18yearsoldparticipatinginvolunteerservicesinformalorinformalway,with85.2%participationrate,theytotallycontributed18.9billionhours,whichwasequivalentto29.8millionfull-timeworkforce,theannualworkingtimeforvoluntaryservicespercapitawas77hours,theircontributionvaluewasequivalenttoRMB196.8billion.二、社会组织在志愿服务行动中发挥的作用II.RolePerformedbySocialOrganizationsinVoluntaryServices（一）社会组织的界定A.DefinitionofSocialOrganizations一般认为，社会组织是指为了执行一定的社会职能，完成特定的社会目标、具有明确规章制度的一个独立单位，是正式化的社会群体。社会组织分类方法很多，按其职责和功能，分为公益类、服务类、维权类、文体类和保健类五类社会组织；按是否注册登记，可分为经正式登记有法人资格的社会组织、在相关部门备案的“准社会组织”和未登记备案、但又事实上存在并在开展各类活动的“草根组织”。Generally,socialorganizationreferstoanindependentunitwhichhasclearrulesandregulationsforthepurposeofexercisingcertainsocialfunctionsandcompletingspecificsocialgoals,itisaformalsocialgroup.Socialorganizationhasseveralwaysofclassification,accordingtofunctionsandpowers,itcanbeclassifiedinto5categoriesincludingcommonwealcategory,servicecategory,right-safeguardingcategory,categoryofcultureandsportsandhealthcategory;accordingtoregistrationornot,itcanbeclassifiedintoofficiallyregisteredlegal-personsocialorganizations,“quasisocialorganizations”recordedwithrelevantdepartmentsand“grassrootsorganizations”whichhavenotbeenrecordedbuthaveexistedandcarriedoutvariousactivities.（二）社会组织在志愿服务中发挥的作用B.RolePerformedbySocialOrganizationsinVoluntaryServices1、参与社区社会管理，促进社区居民自治和基层民主；1.Participatingincommunitymanagementandpromotingcommunityself-managementandgrassrootsdemocracy;2、提供各种社会服务，拓宽志愿服务服务领域；2.providingvarioussocialservicesandbroadeningthescopeofvolunteerservices;3、开展社会文化活动，促进人文建设；3.conductingsocialandculturalactivitiesandpromotingthebuildingofthehumanities;4、承担社会事务性工作，促进基层政府职能转变；4.takingupsocialworkandpromotingthefunctiontransformationofthegrassrootsgovernments;5、化解社会矛盾，维护社会稳定；5.resolvingsocialcontradictionsandsafeguardingthesocialstability;6、动员广大居民参与，整合社会资源；6.mobilizingthebroadmassesofresidentstoparticipateinintegrationofsocialresources;7、拓宽资金来源，促进志愿服务项目开展；7.broadeningthefundresourcesandpromotingtheimplementationofvolunteerserviceprojects;8、沟通政府与居民，影响政府发展政策的制定；8.bridgingthegovernmentandpeopleandimpactingtheformulationofthedevelopmentpolicyofthegovernment;9、提升中国软实力和国际形象。9.enhancingChina'ssoftpowerandinternationalimage.二、社会组织在志愿服务行动中发挥的作用II.RolePerformedbySocialOrganizationsinVoluntaryServices（三）社会组织参与志愿服务的主要方式C.MainWaysforSocialOrganizationsParticipatinginVoluntaryService2、资金支持2.Financialsupport4、能力建设4.Capacitybuilding1、专业服务1.Professionalservices二、社会组织在志愿服务行动中发挥的作用II.RolePerformedbySocialOrganizationsinVoluntaryServices3、项目参与3.Participationinprojects二、社会组织在志愿服务行动中发挥的作用II.RolePerformedbySocialOrganizationsinVoluntaryServices（四）社会组织志愿服务的主要类型D.MainTypesofVoluntaryServicesbySocialOrganizations以512抗震救灾社会组织志愿服务为例Take5.12earthquakereliefvoluntaryservicesbysocialorganizationsasanexample（五）不同志愿服务之间的比较E.ComparisonamongDifferentVoluntaryServices1.人民团体与社会团体（官方化社会组织）志愿服务的比较1.VoluntaryServiceComparisonbetweenPeople'sOrganizationsandSocialGroups(OfficialSocialOrganizations)人民团体的志愿服务Voluntaryservicesofpeople'sorganizations社会团体的志愿服务Voluntaryservicesofsocialgroups组织方式Organizationway委托高校，或在系统内报名选派志愿者Designatevolunteersthroughentrustingcollegesoruniversitiesorbyinternalsystem设计志愿服务项目，向社会公开招募Designvoluntaryserviceprojectsandmakeopenrecruitment管理方式Managementway组织性强，管理难度小Formalorganizationfacilitatesmanagement随意性强，管理难度大Itishardformanagementduetorandomorganization动员方式Mobilizationway行政动员Administrativemobilization社会动员Socialmobilization协调Coordination由于是同一系统内的各级组织,协调相对容易Relativelyeasyforcoordinationaspeople'sorganizationsatalllevelsareunderthesamesystem有一定难度Relativelydifficult资源Resources资金充裕，资源丰富Richinresourcesandfunds资金短缺，资源匮乏Lackofresourcesandfunds工作方式Workingmethods政绩导向Performanceorientation徘徊于政绩导向与需求导向之间，工作方式较人民团体相对灵活Betweenperformanceorientationanddemandorientation,relativelyflexibleworkingmeth