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200311:100026788(2003)012012120713,,,,(,100085):,,,13L:;;:X196;X32:AEcosystemServicesEvaluationBasedonComprehensiveNationalPowerforSustainableDevelopment-theEvaluationson13CountriesZHAOJing2zhu,XUYa2jun,XIAOHan,ZHAOTong2qian,DUANGuang2ming(ResearchCenterforEco2EnvironmentalSciences,ChineseAcademyofSciences,Beijing100085,China)Abstract:Theconnotationandthesignificanceofecosystemserviceswerestudied,theevaluationmethodsforecosystemserviceswerecomparativelyanalyzed,andtheecosystemservicesvaluesweree2valuatedonAustralia,Brazil,Britain,Canada,China,France,Germany,India,Italy,Japan,Russia,SouthAfrica,UnitedStates.Keywords:ecosystemservices;evaluation;comprehensivenationalpower:2002210208:(79930800),,,L[1].Costanza(1997),:1654,33L331997GNP1.8[2]L,[1,3-5],LL,,,L,,LL©1995-2005TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.L1(E2cosystemservicesaretheconditionsandprocessesthroughwhichecosystems,andthespeciesthatmakethemup,sustainandfulfillhumanlife)[6]L,L,,()L(),,,L,[7]L,,,L,,L,LL,L[6-12]L,:1)L,,(ExternalEconomics),,;(ExternalDiseconomics),L,,L,:,LL,,,L,L,,L2)(PublicGoods)L:,;,,L,L,L3),,,,L22120031©1995-2005TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.L,,,,L4),,,,L,L2,,,L,,L,LL2.1,,L,L,,;,,,,,,L,,,,L2.2,,L,,L,,L,,,L2.3,LL,,L,,,L,,L,L2.4(GNP)(GDP),,L,L,L,,:,;();321113©1995-2005TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.,L,,(SEEA)L(UNEP)19721992,2000,L1992(UNCED)21L2121,L,,()L,GDPL2.5,,L,,,L,L2.6,,,,L2.7,,,,L,L,,,,L3:L,;[5];,[12-17]L3.11),,L2),,L1),,,,L2)()L42120031©1995-2005TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.,,LL3),,(WTP),L3.21),,L2)L1),L2),,L3.31),,,L2),,,L3),,GDPL,L,,L44.1L[18-20],,13,13:L14.213,Costanza,[2].,,öööööL,[4,21-25]13(1),Costanza13(2)L7927.12ö,521113©1995-2005TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.1418.20ö,6508.92öL1,,43503.07,,L113(105hm2)(103hm2)ööööö796.444327938623917228142240470131790002687.704043132810001270007551745700168.102303111860446323642518.40104015329014667801206073.4010831113810117114019468155.606757488003000721109271318.1081555181000028377940127962773.11408822875417244220017000689253100218.13012732613184200250029690554665300193.8444509260117821899413144016985035082159.546958.2434984.457.515859.75084.3180291373.8056776470250309429574.7103335281378450016300213:öööööö3227.018.89843.75554.8828.078270.593995.16172.7517101.139.3100992610890.5601221.0365.19024866.66417.4342.2643503.07100681.1406.9625.95087.3327.456.07834.91.919174974.56031.4112.360287.0466.2811.04482.691.109553877297.42032.7126.40229.2811.917.7615.411.414635795630.49020.4111.320587.461.2711.021321.913.0386591115340.9402462.96187.920555.48674.74210.619432.6521.682722623132.6282.7569.08968.01219.783328.6585.6843.138629.6319.83682991883.746046.557.89427.34249.755813.3471.356.4413956.3132.08120714785.28892.1127.9727.3318.88184.252671.77156.124763.7110.950284661418.201648.94141.811009.265.743105.33432.06165.877927.1318.222001341514.64017.141.5048.9526.264.191612.683.707048721302.68207.380.16188.84.50012.12715.641.64503332862120031©1995-2005TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.:[1],,.[M].:,2002.[2]Costanza,etal.Thevalueoftheworld’secosystemservicesandnaturalcapital[J].Nature,1997,387:253-260.[3]LoomisJ,etal.Measuringthetotaleconomicvalueofrestoringecosystemservicesinanimpairedriverbasin:re2sultsfromacontingentvaluationsurvey[J].Ecol2Econ,2000,33:103-117.[4],.[J].,2000,45(1):17-22.[5],..[J].,2000,11(2):290-292.[6]DailyGC.Nature’sServices:SocietalDependenceonNaturalEcosystems[M].WashingtonDC:IslandPress,1997.[7],,.[J].,1999,10(5):635-640.[8]deGrootR.FunctionsofNature:EvaluationofNatureinEnvironmentalPlanning,ManagementandDecisionMak2ing[M].Groningen,Netherlands:Wolters2Noordhoff,1993.[9]BoyleK,WelshMP,BishopRC.Theroleofquestionorderandrespondentexperiencesincontingentvaluationstudied[J].JournalofEnvironmentalEconomicsandManagement,1993,25:580-590.[10]KulshreshthaSN,GilliesJA.Economicevaluationofaestheticamenities:acasestudyofriverview[J].WaterResourcesBulletin,1993,29(2):257-266.[11]EhrlichPR,EhrlichAH.Thevalueofbiodiversity[J].AMBIO,1992,21:219-226.[12],,.22[M].:,1999.[13]LoomisJ,KentP,etal.Measuringthetotaleconomicvalueofrestoringecosystemservicesinanimpairedriverbasin:resultsfromacontingentvaluationsurvey[J].Ecol2Econ,2000,33:103-117.[14]Meher2HomjiVM.Probableimpactofdeforestationonhydrologicalprocesses[A].MyersN.Tropicalforestsandclimate[C].Netherlands:Dordrecht,1992.163-174.[15]NabhanGP,BuchmannSL.Pollinationservices:biodiversity’sdirectlinktoworldfoodstability[A].DailyGCNature’sServices:SocietalDependenceonNaturalEcosystems[C].WashingtonDC:IslandPress,1997.133-150.[16]VitousekP,EhrlichP,EhrlichA,MatsonP.Humanappropriationoftheproductsofphotosynthesis[J].Bio2science,1986,36:368-373.[17]WoodwellGM.Forests:whatintheworldaretheyfor?[A]RamakrishnaK,WoodwellGM.WorldForestsfortheFuture:TheirUseandConservation[C].NewHaven,Conn:YaleUniversityPress,1993.1-20.[18].[M].:,1999.[19],,.[M].:,1996.[20].()[R].:,1999.[21].[R].:,1999.[22].[C].:,1999.[23].(1989-1993)[R].1994.[24],,.