英语完形、首字母填空的解题技巧

英语完形、首字母填空的解题技巧嘉定区教师进修学院陈永兴一、题目特点及中考趋势完型填空及首字母填空题答题时要求既要使所填的词在语法和语义上正确，又要使其符合短文内容与情景的需要，所给出的词首字母同时起着提示和限定的作用。它不仅考查学生在词汇、语法等方面的基础知识，还考察理解、推导、分析等综合能力。从近几年的考题来看，短文填空题所考查的单词涉及的词性范围较广，几乎涉及到了十大词类；文中所涉及的语言知识面较宽，学生需运用已学过的词法、句法及常用词组、短语、惯用法等知识进行具体分析后再答题，有一定的难度。文章短小、精致，字数通常在180～215之间。短文的体裁不一，有记叙文、说明文、议论文等。短文题材丰富，内容通俗易懂，与现代生活紧密相关。二、完形填空解题步骤:（一）通览----通阅全文，弄清大意快速阅读一下全文，通过通览全文、领会大意，概略地了解文章的体裁、背景、内容、结构层次、情节、写作风格等等。（二）试填----瞻前顾后，理清脉络先易后难，逐层深入。紧扣全文内容，联系上下文和语境，展开逻辑推理，注意从上下文中寻找线索，注意词汇的意义、搭配，惯用法，语法，常识等多个角度进行综合考虑。（三）筛选----仔细推敲，确保准确如果填的词是名词，首先要考虑到单、复数的问题；如果是动词，要考虑应使用什么时态和语态要注意，填入的词既能使句意通顺，又能做到语法、用词搭配的正确。如bought易误答成buy；lights易误答成light；reaches易误答成reach;heavier易误答成heavy等。（四）复核----复读全文，消除遗漏试填后，要把全文再通读一遍，注意看所选答案填入空白处后能否做到文章意思通顺、前后连贯、逻辑严谨、结构完整、首尾呼应。三、完形填空解题技巧:1.了解句子结构,确定要填单词的词性•修饰名词、代词冠词acar,anapple,theappleonthetable,aMr.Smith,etc.数词tenstudents,thousandsofstars…形容词afamousperson,ausefulbook,anhonestboy,interestingstories,…anythingnew,thepeoplepresent…•修饰动词副词与助动词及情态动词结合travelfast,dancebeautifully,launchsuccessfully,writewell,sellwell,newlybuiltmustgiveitup,don’tneedtodoit,havestudied…连系动词后接形容词looknice,soundreasonable,becomegreenerandgreener•修饰形容词verygood,stillworse,prettygood,wellworth,…副词修饰副词副词verypolitely,runfastenough注意词组搭配atbreakfast,bedifferentfrom,breakinto,communicatewith,dependon,forthetimebeing,gettiredof,…注意连词搭配Notonly…butalso,neither…nor,as…as…e.g.(Whatpartofspeech?)1.AnearthquakehappenedinSichuano_____theafternoonofMay,12thlastyear.2.Jennylooksh_____becausesheissmilingh_____allthetime.3.WaiBaiDuBridgewasopentothet_____againlastmonth.4.Thedanceandcrosstalkwereboring.Ienjoyedn_____ofthem.5.BaJinisoneoftheg______writersinChina.6.Thefilmstarwasi____bythenewspaperreporteryesterday.1)E__________me,couldyoutellmethewaytotheBund?2)W__________forthegreenlightbeforeyouc________thestreet.2．利用单句的形式，作为训练学生完形填空解题能力的前提，同时也可以帮助他们提高对完形填空题解题的信心。3)Sinceyouarestillw________,you’dbetternotj________usinthework.4)Areyougoingtowatchthes________orlistentothes_________bySmith?5)G________liketoeatpotatoesanddrinkbeer6)Hisa________istobeascientistwhenhegrowsup.7)Thepassageishardtounderstandu______therearenonewwordsinit.3．充分利用文章的上下文和前后句，找到对选择有提示作用的词或句。…OfcourseIhavevisitedallmaintourist89likeWestminsterAbbey,LondonBridgeandBuckinghamPalace.It’swonderfultoseealltheplacesthatwe90toreadaboutandseeontelevision.I’vealsobeentoParis,whichisnotfaraway,andseenallthebeautifulplacesliketheEiffelTowerandtheLouvre.It’svery91tohaveacupofcoffeeinacaféinParis.Youhavetopayjusttositdown.（09徐汇模拟卷）89.A)museumsB)environmentsC)attractionsD)exhibitions90.A)encouragedB)helpedC)triedD)used91.A)confidentB)expensiveC)thankfulD)beautifulFriendshipisakindoftreasureinourlives.Itisactuallylikeabottleofwine,thel(97)itiskept,thesweeteritwillbe.(浦东1模)ThoughMarkTwainlivedahardlifeinmostofhislife,hewasfamousforhish95.Onedayhewasonthetrain,theconductoraskedhimforhisticket.MarkTwainlookedfortheticketinallhispockets,butf96tofindit.Atlasttheconductorsaid,“Itdoesn’treallymatter.Ifyoucan’tfindit,thereisnoharmdone.”However,MarkTwinsaid,“Oh,butthereis.Imustfindthedammed（该死的）thing,orhowwillIknowwhereI’mgoing?”（闵行1模）4．注意固定搭配，包括动词与介词的搭配、动词与名词的搭配以及形容词与名词的搭配等，同时要根据内容选择正确的短语。Soremember,ifadogwastheteacher,youwouldlearnthingslike:…Whensomeoneishavingabadday,besilent,sitclosebyandnuzzle(轻触)them.Lovepeopleanddon’trememberthewrongthingstheydo____91____you.()91.A)inB)toC)withD)for(09虹口模拟题)•NeveragreetomeetsomeoneyoumeetontheInternetw96yourparents’permission(允许).Nevermeetanyoneyoumeetonlinea97.(09卢湾模拟题)5.注意同义词的辨义…Inaddition,itisusefultohaveonyourbookshelvesotherbookssuchashistorybooks,sciencetextbooks,cookbooks,booksa__97__medicineandhealth,etc.Itisalsoimportanttohavesomestorybooksornovels.Thenyoucanr__98___withagoodstoryandhavearestquietly.（普陀1模）6.根据动作的发出者确定所选的词…OnedayawomancameintothebookstoreandaskedGloriaforbooksoncancer(癌症).Thewomanseemedanxious.Gloriashowedherpracticallyeverythingtheyhadandfoundotherbookstheycouldorder.Thewomanleftthestore87,andGloriahasalwaysrememberedthepride(自豪)shefeltinhavinghelpedhercustomers.87.A)moreexcitedB)lessworriedC)quiteinterestedD)verysurprised(09杨浦模拟卷）7.根据上下文的逻辑关系确定选项…Springcanberainyorwindy,86theweatherisgettingwarmerandyoucanhopeformoresunnydays.Infact,therecanbeasmuchsunshineinspringasinsummer.Summeris87timeforvisitorstogototheseasideandotherplacesofinterest.Theweathercanbesunnyandnice.Peopleoftengoouttohaveawalkorswim.Autumnisabeautifulseasonwithtreesinthewoodsandparkschangingcolour.Duringautumnitis88nicetobeoutside,too.Inwinter,itgetscolder.Itmightsnow,89onhighlandandinthenorth.Therearealsoveryhighwindsinthisseason.86.A)butB)andC)orD)for87.A)theearliestB)thelatestC)thebusiestD)thebest88.A)stillB)alreadyC)neverD)only89.A)suddenlyB)luckilyC)possiblyD)especially（09金山区模拟卷）8.根据生活常识以及相关知识确定选项…InthenextfewyearsChico’snamebecamefamousallovertheworld.ThegovernmentofBrazilstartedmakingplanstoprotectlargeareasoftheAmazonrainforest.ButasChico’sdreamsstartedcomingtrue,someonestoppedhimintheo97possibleway.Thefamousforestfighterwasmurdered(谋杀)rightoutsidehishomeonDecember