1条件状语从句一、条件状语从句通常由if(如果),unless(除非),aslongas(只要)引导。例如:Ifitrainstomorrow,wewon’tgotothepark.如果明天下雨,我们就不去公园了。Unlessweatherstopsme,Igoforawalkevery.我每天都会去散步,除非遇上坏天气。Ourparentswillbepleasedwithourperformanceaslongaswetryourbest.小试牛刀:1、只要我们竭尽全力,父母就会满意我们的表现。Ourparentswillbepleasedwithourperformance________________wetryourbest.2、如果人人为保护环境做出贡献,世界将会变得更美好。______________________________toprotectingtheenvironment,theworldwillbecomemuchmorebeautiful.二、if引导的条件状语从句(1)“if从句+祈使句”的句子。其实,if作为一个连词,主句也可以是其他形式的句子。例如:Ifyouwanttogo,pleaseletmeknow.Ifthegreenlightisn’ton,waitforaminute.(2)“祈使句+and(or)+陈述句”在意思上相当于一个带有条件状语从句的复合句。注意:A.“祈使句+and+陈述句”可以转化为if引导的肯定条件状语从句,而且主语是第二人称。B.“祈使句+or+陈述句”可以转化为if引导的否定条件状语从句,而且主语是第二人称。例如:Studyhardandyouwillpasstheexam.=Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpasstheexam.Hurryup,oryou’llbelate.=Ifyoudon’thurryup,you’llbelate.考题(2010重庆中考)Workhard,________youmaycatchupwithyourclassmatessoon.A.orB.butC.andD.yet思路解析:本句是“祈使句+and”的句型,句意为“努力学习,你会很快赶上其他同学的”,and在句中表示承接关系,所以选C项。答案:C黑色陷阱:本题的陷阱是句型,本句型区别于“祈使句+or”,这个句型的含义是“……,不然的话/否则……”。绿色通道:祈使句后面既可以加and,也可以加or,所以要全面分析句意,再作决定。小试牛刀:用if连接下列句子1、Gotobedearlyandyouwillhaveagoodrest.2、Hurryup,oryou’llmissthebus.三、if从句与主句具有以下特点:1.If从句中用一般现在时,表示未来的一种条件,从句中可以加时间状语。e.g.Ifyoucan’tcometomorrow,wecanholdthepartyalittlelater.明天你如果不能来,我们可迟一点举行宴会。2Ifitdoesn’traintomorrow,we’llgototheGreatWall.明天如果不下雨,我们就去长城。2.当if表示未来的条件时,主句中用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时,即“主将从现”。表示如果某种条件存在,就有可能/不可能发生什么事情。e.g.Ifyoudon’tgetupearly,youwillbelateforschool.你如果不早点起床,上学就会迟到。IfIplaygamesonit,itwillgowrong.如果我用它玩游戏,它就会坏掉。3.if从句可放在主句前或主句后,从句置于主句前时,须用逗号与主句隔开,反之则不用逗号。e.g.Ifit’sfinetomorrow,wecangoout.如果明天天气好,我们就能出去。Shewillbehappyifshejoinstheparty.如果她参加聚会她会很开心的。I’llasktheteacherforhelpifIdon’tunderstand.如果我不懂我会求助老师的。三.注意if引导的条件状语从句和宾语从句的区别if可以用来引导宾语从句也可以用来引导条件状语从句,主要是要弄清if引导从句的时态。if在引导宾语从句时,意为“是否”。要根据实际情况来确定时态,而if在引导条件状语从句时意为“如果,假设”,要用一般时代替将来时,即“主将从现”。e.g.Iwanttoknowifhewillcomeheretomorrow.我想知道他明天是否到这儿来。(if在上句引导的是宾语从句,从句中有很明显的表将来的时间状语tomorrow,所以if从句要用一般将来时。)e.g.Ifitrainstomorrow,we’llputoffthesportsmeeting.如果明天下雨,我们就推迟运动会。(if在上句引导的是条件状语从句,尽管从句中也有表将来时的时间状语tomorrow,从理论上讲也应该用一般将来时,但是在if引导的条件状语从句中要用一般现在时代替一般将来时,故从句谓语用rains而不用willrain.)二、典题分析1、(2010上海)Wewillhavenowatertodrinkwedon’tprotecttheearth.A.untilB.beforeC.thoughD.if[答案]D.[解析]if引导条件状语从句,表示“如果”。意思是如果我们不保护地球,我们将会没有水喝。2、(2011重庆)Wewillplanttreestomorrow,andIdon’tknowTomwillcomeandjoinus.A.ifB.whichC.whatD.where[答案]A.[解析]if引导宾语从句,表示“是否”。意思是我们明天将会去植树,但是我不知道Tom会不会去。3、—Doyouknowiffinishedthework?—Notyet.Ifhe,hewillgivemeacall.A.he’s,willfinishB.he’ll,finishesC.he’s,finishesD.he’ll,willfinish[答案]C.[解析]问句的if引导宾语从句,表示“是否”,从句要用陈述语序,从答句Notyet.中可以看出从句应该用现在完成时态,答句的if引导状语从句,要遵循主将从现的规律。练习一、用if连接下面的句子:1、Youdonotunderstandthearticle.Askyourteacher.32、Youwanttoknowmoreaboutit.Pleasecallyourteacher.3、Tellhimtomakeaphonecalltome.Hewillcomeheretomorrow.4、Youwanttogo.Pleasetellme.5、Lookatourwebsite.Thecameradoesnotwork.二、用所给的提示词组成一个if引导的条件状语从句。1、betired,havearest(Tom)2、notgotobedearly,feelsleepy(you)3、becomeunhealthy,noteatvegetables(children)4、notlistentotheteacher,notstudywell(I)5、fallbehindothersinstudying,spendtoomuchtimeonthegames(DaWei)三、单项选择:1.Youaresuretopasstheexam___youstudyhard.A.ifB.thoughC.thatD.since2.I'llgotoseethefilmwithyou___Ihavetimethisevening.A.whetherB.soC.ifD.when3.___youstudyharder,you'llneverpassthefinalexam.A.IfB.UntilC.UnlessD.Except4.We’llstayathomeifit______thisafternoon.A.rainB.rainsC.torainD.raining5.WewillgototheGreatWallifit______tomorrow.A.won’trainB.isn’trainingC.rainedD.doesn’train6.—Idon’tknowifhe______.—Hewillcomeifit______.A.comes;won’trainB.willcome;doesn’trainC.comes;doesn'trainD.willcome;won’train47.Doyouknowwhattime______?A.thetrainleaveB.doesthetrainleaveC.willthetrainleaveD.thetrainleaves8.Doyouthinkif______anEnglishfilmtomorrownight?A.isthereB.thereisgoingtohaveC.thereisgoingtobeD.willtherebe9.Willyoupleasetellme______?A.wherePudongAirportisB.howfarPudongAirportwasC.howcanwegettoPudongAirportD.whenwasPudongAirportbuilt10.—Mikewantstoknowif______apicnictomorrow.—Yes.Butifit______,we’llvisitthemuseuminstead.A.youhave;willrainB.youwillhave;willrainC.youwillhave;rainsD.willyouhave;rains11.—Whydidn’tNickcometoschoolyesterday?—______hewasill.A.AfterB.WhereC.WhenD.Because12.Thisboxis______heavy______Ican’tcarryit.A.too;toB.so;thatC.very;thatD.too;that13.Idon’tknow______hestillliveshere.A.whereB.whatC.whenD.whether14.---Doyouknowifhe_______toplaybasketballwithus?---Ithinkhewillcomeifhe______freetomorrow.A.comes;isB.comes;willbeC.willcome;isD.willcome;willbe15.Inthezooifachild_____intothewaterandcan’tswim,thedolphinsmaycomeup______him.A.willfall;tohelpB.falls;tohelpC.willfall;helpD.falls;helping16.Inthebookshop,areaderaskedtheshopkeeper___WhoMovedMyCheesewasaninterestingbook.A.thatB.howC.whatD.if17、Iwanttoknow________youhaveabrother.A.ifB.thatC.thoseD.them18、Wewillgohikingifittomorrow.A.willbefineB.isfineC.befineD.isgongtobefine19、Maybeyouifyoumakesomebadfriends.A.gowrongB.willgowrongC.goingwrongD.isgoingtobewrong20、—Doyouknowiffinishedthework?—Notyet.Ifhe,hewillgivemeacall.A