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第三讲宾语的类型1.宾语表示动作的对象，是动作的承受者。在英语中只有及物动词（vt.）才能接宾语,而且不接不行;不及物动词不能接宾语,如非要接宾语,一定要用上介词.Don’tdroprubbishabout.Iacceptedyourwiseadvice.Passmetheink,please.Makeheywhilethesunshines.2.按接在不同的词性之后,宾语可分为动词宾语和介词宾语(名,代,doing)介词后必须接宾语Inourschoolaboutthree-fourthsofthestudentsarefromthenorth.英语中某些形容词如worth,able,sure,careful等也可以有宾语ThisbookisworthreadingOurfactoryisabletoproducerayon,vinylonandotherchemicalfibersAreyousurethathewillcome?Sheisalwayscarefulwhatshedoes.3.可用作宾语的词性有:名,代,数动词的.todo/疑问词+todo/doing,the+adj,带连词的句子(宾语从句)Hetakesacoldbatheverymorning.MissSmithteachesthesecondgrade.Allofuslikehim.Givemefour.HebegantolearnEnglishayearago.Everyoneofuslikestogothecircus.Heisusedtoworkingatnight.TheyteachtheblindtoreadBraille.Weshouldhelpthehandicapped.Hedidnotknowwhattosay.Gladyslearnthowtoplaythepianowhenshewasquiteyoung.Ithinkheisright.Iwonderifyou’dliketogowithus.4.双宾语:直接宾语+间接宾语.有些及物动词,如give,tell,show,pass,send,lend,bring,take,carry,teach,可以有两个宾语.一个指物,叫直接宾语;一个指人,叫间接宾语一般放在直接宾语之前.Lendmeyourpen-knife,please.Excuseme,please.Couldyoutellmethewaytothepostoffice?IshowedthemsomepicturesofGuilin.Igavehimmyaddress.MissSmithteachesusEnglish.]Willyouteachushowtoswim?Canyoutellmewhenthenexttrainleaves?5.如果直接宾语是人称代词,就须在间接宾语之前加介词to,并把这个带to的间接宾语放在直接宾语之后.Doyouseethehammerthere?Handittome,please.I’vegotthreeticketshere.PleasegivethemtoLiPass/send/take/carry/teach/show/toMake/buy/draw/paint/cook/get/for6.复合宾语:宾语+宾语补足语英语有些及物动词,除了要有一个直接宾语之外,还要加上宾语补足语,句子的意义才算完整.宾语和宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语.复合宾语中的宾语和它的补足语在逻辑上有主语和谓语的关系.如:CallmeJohn.Iliketokeepeverythingtidy.7.宾语补足语表示法在复合宾语中,能作宾语补足语的有名词和形容词,以及其他某些相当于名词和形容词的词语.现将复合宾语的各种形式举例说明如下:(1)名词或代词宾格+名词Wemakeitourdining–room.WeconsiderMr.Collinsagoodfriend.Thegovernmentappointedhimambassador.TheynamedthebabyJim.(2)名词或代词宾格+形容词Theypaintedthewallwhite.Besuretogeteverythingreadybyseven.Ialwaysfindherhappyandgay.Let’skeepourclassroomclean.We’llworkhardtomakeourcountrystrongIthinkiteasy.ShefounditdifficulttolearnEnglishwell.(3)名词或代词宾格+介词短语ThenextmorningIfoundhimathismachineagain.Peoplepraisedhimasanationalhero.Makeyourselfathome.(4)名词或代词宾格+动词不定式Weaskedtheteachertoexplainthedifficultsentencesagain.Let’sgo.Theteacherhelpedhimseehiserror.(5)名词或代词宾格+分词Iheardsomebodyknockingatthedoor.Theyfeltthetrainmoving.Hehadhisanklesprainedwhileplayingfootball.Thistape-recorderdoesnotwork.Iwillgetitrepairedintown.8.同源宾语:有些不及物动词,如live,die,sleep,smile,dream,fight,laugh,后可有一个与他同出一源意义相同的宾语.这样的宾语叫做同源宾语.这种宾语之前常有一定语所修饰.如:DongCunruidiedamartyr’sdeath.Hisgrandfatherlivedahappylifebeforedeath.Sleepasoundsleep/dreamahappydream.ExerciseI改写下列句子,去掉to与for,如果介词后面是名词,将其改为代词1.IsentaChristmascardtomyparents.2.He’llgetsomepaperforme.3.Getanappleforme,please.4.Wouldyoufindaseatformymother,please?5.Showyourpaintingtomybrother,please.6.I’mbuyingaticketforMary,too.7.Passthebuttertome,willyou?8.MymothertaughtthepianotomewhenIwasyoung.9.Iownedalotofmoneytohisfather.10.They’vepromisedariseinsalarytoallthestaff.ExerciseII.挑出宾补,并说明是什么词类或短语1.Theypaintedthekitchenyellow.2.Whatmakeyouthinkso?3.Iwatchedmysisterarrangesomeflowers.4.IhadtheTVfixed.5.TheyelectedWangmonitoroftheclass.6.Thechildrensawthepolicemandirectingthetraffic.7.Wecouldhearsomebodysinginginthenextroom.8.Ihadmyhaircutyesterday.9.TheycalledthebabyCathy.10.Ithinktheboyhonest.11.Ihelpedmymothercleanthekitchen.12.WechoseLiourrepresentative.13.Doyouwantmetogo?No,Ilikeyoutostay.14.Ourteachermadedifficultlessonseasytounderstand.15.TheWangshavekeptuswaitinghalfanhouralready.宾语从句一．概念：在复合句中作宾语的句子叫宾语从句。二．位置：有四个。这是判断宾语从句与状语从句区别的关键。（1）动词之后Hesaidthathehadpostedtheletter.MotherthoughtthattheyshouldhaveatalkwithTom..（2）双宾语结构中（3）be+adj.之后。afraid,glad,certain,happy,pleased,satisfied,sure,surprisedI’mafraidthatyouarewrong.（4）介词之后I’mpleasedwithwhatyouhavedone.三．宾语从句的考点有五个：（1）连词的选择that后接陈述句if/whether后接一般疑问句其他所有已学的特殊疑问词（2）宾语从句的时态与主句的时态密切相关主句的时态是现在时，从句的时态根据时间状语确定；Hewantstoknowwhethertheansweriscorrect.主句的时态是过去时，从句的时态必须是过去的某种时态。（真理除外）；过去的某种时态指一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时，过去将来时。Sherememberedthatshehadleftherumbrellainthelibrary.Theteachersaidtheearthmovesaroundthesun.（3）宾语从句的语序陈述句语序(主+谓)Canyoutellmewhichclassyouarein?Hewentouttoseewhatwashappening.Couldyoutellmewhatisinthebox?Hewantedtofindoutwhatwasthematter.（4）与状语从句的区别（时态）（5）与定语从句的区别（连词）（6）疑问词+不定式的转化注意点：1.若宾语从句后有补足语，应用it作形式宾语，而把从句后置，以使句子平衡。WethinkitstrangethatTomdidn’tgotoschoolyesterday.(make,believe,find,feel,consider,think,see)2.在think,believe,suppose,expect,guess,imagine等动词后否定转移到主句上。Idon’tbelievetheyhavefinishedtheirworkhavethey?3.doubt在陈述句中后接if/whether;在疑问句、否定句中后接that.Idoubtwhetherhewillkeephiswords.Idon’tdoubtthatourteamwillwin.练习（）1.IranguptotellmyauntthatI______forshanghainextSaturday.A.leftB.shallleaveC.shouldbeleftD.shouldleave()2.Theteachersaid_____allofushadpassedthefinalexamination.A.ifB.thatC.whetherD.how()3.Sheispleasedwith_______youhavegivenherand______youhavetoldme.A.that;thatB.which;whichC.what;allwhatD.what;allthatD()4.Canyoumakesure_______thekeytotheclassroom?A.whereJanehadputB.inwhichJanehasputC.wherehasJaneputD.whereJanehasputD()5.Heaskedus,tom,Mikeandme,_______wewouldcome