Unit3西方文化导论

TextStudy_I_1.1TextStudyMainIdeasMainIdeasTheFormation,DivisionandFallofIsraelFormationbefore16thcenturyBCbelongedtoSemiticrace,anddescendedfromAbraham16thcenturyBCsettledinnorthEgypt.12thcenturyBCenteredCanaan1040BC–1012BCSaulbecamethefirstkingofIsraelTextStudy_I_1.2TextStudyMainIdeasFormationDavid,kingofIsrael,declaredthefoundingofaunifiedIsraelcountryandmadeJerusalemthecapital.1012BC–972BC972BC–932BCSolomonbecamethekingofIsraelandbuiltimperialpalacesandcelestialtemples.MainIdeasTextStudy_I_1.3TextStudyMainIdeasDivisionIsraeldividedintotwokingdoms:JudahandIsrael.932BC–914BC722BCTheAssyrianKingsackedJerusalem(AssyrianCaptivity),andIsraelwasruined.Fall586BCBabyloniaKingattackedJudah,andthenJudahandIsraelwerenon-existentasindependentcountries.MainIdeasTextStudy_I_1.4TextStudyMainIdeasLateron,AlexandertheGreatofMacedoniawithhispowerfularmy,tookplaceofthePersianreign,whichledtoatemporaryperiodoffreedomfortheJews.ButitwasnottoolongbeforetheRomansarrived.TheJewscouldnotbeartheRomans’crueltyandsubsequentlyrevoltedagainstRomansasaprotestaboutthecrueltyofthelatter,whichcostagreatlossofJewishlives.Consequentlytheyhadtoleavetheirhomelandandwentonceandforallonacenturies-longDiaspora.Subsequently,Jews’footprintsspreadoveralmosteverycornerTheSufferingandDepartureoftheJewsMainIdeasTextStudy_I_1.5TextStudyMainIdeasofEurope,yetfoundnosettlementinonecountryafteranotheralthoughtheydemonstratedtheirgreatcapabilitiesanddiligenceinwhatevertheywereengagedinorhappenedtododuringtheendlessexilesaroundtheMediterranean,fromcontinenttocontinent,countrytocountry,sufferingfromracialdiscrimination,persecutionandevengenocide.However,muchofJewishculturewassafeguardedandwellpreservedbyexiledJews.MainIdeasTextStudy_I_1.1_popTextStudyMainIdeasMainIdeasTextStudy_I_1.2_pop1TextStudyMainIdeasMainIdeasTextStudy_I_1.2_pop2TextStudyMainIdeasMainIdeasTextStudy_I_1.2_pop3TextStudyMainIdeasMainIdeasTextStudy_I_2.1TextStudyInterpretationofCulturalTermsTheBabylonianCaptivity巴比伦之囚:TheBabylonianCaptivityreferstothecaptivationofBabylonia,in586BC,whohadconqueredthecityofJerandimprisonmentoftheJewsbyNebuchadnezzarII,thekingusalem.Theeventhadfar-reachingimpactonthedevelopmentofJudaismandtheterlaterhistoryofJewishculture.TheJewsreflectedontheirhumiliationsandfrustrationsthattheyhadundergoneandpreparedthemselvesspirituallyforthelaterrevivalofJewishpeopleasanationandculture.巴比伦被掳指巴比伦王国的魅力,公元前586年,他已经征服了犹太人的城市Jerand监禁,尼布甲尼撒二世国王usalem。事件的发展有深远的影响犹太教和内涵犹太人反映在他们的屈辱和挫折,他们已经经历了,准备自己精神上后复兴的犹太人作为一个国家和文化InterpretationofCulturalTermsTextStudy_I_2.2TextStudyInterpretationofCulturalTermsInterpretationofCulturalTermsTextStudy_I_2.3TextStudyInterpretationofCulturalTermsJerusalem耶路撒冷（古代以色列都城）:Jerusalemintheeast-centralpartofIsraelintheWestBankisaholycitytoJews,Moslems,andChristians.Thehistoryofcitycanbedatedbackasfaras4000BC.OriginallyKingDavidsettledthere,makingitthecapitalin1000BC,butitwasdestroyedbyNebuchadnezzarin600BC.ItwaslaterruledsuccessivelybyGreeks,Romans,Persians,Arabs,EuropeanChristianCrusaders,andTurksandfinallybyGreatBritainunderaLeagueofNationsmandate.From1967,Israelitookcontrolofthecityasthecapital.InterpretationofCulturalTermsTextStudy_I_2.4TextStudyInterpretationofCulturalTermsInterpretationofCulturalTermsTextStudy_I_2.5TextStudyInterpretationofCulturalTermsSadducee(orZadokites)古犹太教的撒都该教派:AgroupofJewsopposedtothePharisees(today’sRabbinicalJews),foundedinthe2ndcenturyBC.TheyceasedtoexistsometimeafterthedestructionofthesecondTempleinJerusalem(Herod’sTemple)in70AD.AmemberofaJewishsect.InterpretationofCulturalTermsTextStudy_I_2.6TextStudyInterpretationofCulturalTermsEssene古犹太教的苦修派信徒:AJewishreligiousgroupthatflourishedfromthe2ndcenturyBCtothe1stcenturyAD.BeingmuchfewerinnumberthanthePhariseesandtheSadducees(theothertwomajorsectsatthetime),theEsseneslivedinvariouscitiesbutcongregatedincommunallifededicatedtoasceticism,voluntarypoverty,andabstinencefromworldlypleasures,includingmarriageanddailybaptisms.AmemberofanasceticJewishsect.InterpretationofCulturalTermsTextStudy_I_2.7TextStudyInterpretationofCulturalTermsInterpretationofCulturalTermsTextStudy_I_3.1TextStudyComprehensionExercisesMultipleChoicesA.586BC(1)TheBabylonianCaptivityreferstothecaptivationandimprisonmentoftheJewsbyNebuchadnezzarII,in____.B.450BCC.330BCD.586ComprehensionExercisesB.MosesandDavidC.JacobandDavidD.JacobandSolomonTextStudy_I_3.2TextStudyComprehensionExercisesMultipleChoicesA.DavidandSolomon(2)Inhistory,Israelitemonarchyprosperedwiththethreekings,Saul,____.ComprehensionExercisesA.585BCC.1000ADD.588BCTextStudy_I_3.3TextStudyComprehensionExercisesMultipleChoicesB.1000BC(3)Jerusalemwasestablishedasthecapitalin___.ComprehensionExercisesA.PulitzerJosephB.SaulBellowD.HemingwayTextStudy_I_3.4TextStudyComprehensionExercisesMultipleChoicesC.Singer(4)___wontheNobelPrizeforliteraturein1978.ComprehensionExercisesA.GreekB.GermanicD.RomanTextStudy_I_3.5TextStudyComprehensionExercisesMultipleChoicesC.Hebrew(5)TheancestoroftheJewsis___.ComprehensionExercisesThemajorexplanationforthedevelopmentoftheJewishCi