Chapter5:Consumerpersonalities,self-conceptandlife-style2019/10/19MaGuo,CEBA,TeachingNotesofConsumerBehavior1学习要点Keystudyingpoints消费者个性Consumerpersonality消费者自我概念Consumerself-concepts消费者生活方式Consumerlife-style2019/10/19MaGuo,CEBA,TeachingNotesofConsumerBehavior2引例:不仅仅是香水(5章引例)2019/10/19MaGuo,CEBA,TeachingNotesofConsumerBehavior35.1消费者的个性ConsumerpersonalityIntroduction消费者的购买行为因他们的心理特征和个性的不同而各不相同。Consumers’buyingbehaviorsaredifferentpersonbypersonbecausetheirdifferentpsychologicalcharactersofpersonalities.解决问题的方案是分析出消费者的心理特征和个性。Thesolutionistoanalyzeconsumer’spsychologicalcharactersofpersonalities.2019/10/19MaGuo,CEBA,TeachingNotesofConsumerBehavior45.1.1个性的含义和特点:DefinitionofPersonalityanditsNatures个性一词,源于拉丁语“Persona”,有两个含义:一指演员在舞台上戴的假面具,后引申为个人在生命舞台所扮演的角色。Personality,ontheonehand,refersthemaskofplayerontheperformstages.Thenitisextendedintoaroleofaindividualinhis/herlife..另指能独立思考、具有独特行为特征的人。Ontheotherhand,personalitymeansanindividualwhocanindependentlythinkingwithuniquebehavioralcharacteristics.。2019/10/19MaGuo,CEBA,TeachingNotesofConsumerBehavior5对消费者个性影响因素的研究在很多方面与营销相关,其中一个领域就是市场细分。Whileresearchintotheinfluencefactorsonconsumers’personalities,inmanyaspectsarerelatedwithmarketing,oneofthefieldissegmentation.2019/10/19MaGuo,CEBA,TeachingNotesofConsumerBehavior61)个性的定义:DefinitionofPersonality:个性的定义:个性是个人在适应环境的过程中所表现出来的系统的、独特的反应方式。它是由个人在其遗传、环境、成熟、学习等因素交互作用下形成的,且具有相对的稳定性。Personalityisthesystematicanduniqueresponseofaindividualintheprocessofadaptionwiththeenvironment.Itisshapedbytheinteractionofheredity,environment,maturity,learningandrelativestability.2019/10/19MaGuo,CEBA,TeachingNotesofConsumerBehavior72)个性的特征:ThenaturesofPersonalities自然性和社会性Naturalityandsociality稳定性和可塑性Stabilityandshapability独特性和共同性Uniquealityandintercommunity5.1.2个性理论TheoriesofPersonality弗洛伊德精神分析理论Freud’sPsychoanalyticTheory社会心理学理论Social-psychologicalTheory2019/10/19MaGuo,CEBA,TeachingNotesofConsumerBehavior81)弗洛伊德的精神分析理论Freud’sPsychoanalyticTheory根据这一理论,个性的结构有本我、自我、超我三部分组成。Personalityresultsfromtheclashof3forces---theid,theego,andthesuperego2019/10/19MaGuo,CEBA,TeachingNotesofConsumerBehavior92019/10/19MaGuo,CEBA,TeachingNotesofConsumerBehavior10图8.1Freud的个性结构自我(Ego)遵循现实原则超我(superego)遵循至善原则)本我(id)、潜意识遵循快乐原则)本我:是个性结构中最原始的部分,包含着各种原始的与生俱来的本能和冲动,使心理能量的储存所,代表着生物性的内在世界,完全无视客观存在的外部世界,寻求直接的满足,遵循“快乐原则”。Theidrepresentsphysicaldrives.2019/10/19MaGuo,CEBA,TeachingNotesofConsumerBehavior11自我:是在适应现实环境中形成的,是意识控制的化身。知晓外界的事情,衡量是本能和冲动获得满足的可能性。是在符合社会要求的条件下追求快感,奉行的是“现实原则”。Theegoactstocurbtheappetitesoftheid.超我:是内化了的社会规范和道德律令,即良心、良知、理性等。“超我”是个性的最道德的部分,处于个性的最高层,按照“至善原则”行动。Thesuperegoistheconscienceof“voicewithin”2019/10/19MaGuo,CEBA,TeachingNotesofConsumerBehavior12个性“精神分析理论”的应用:ApplicationsofpersonalityPsychoanalyticTheory购买行为是消费者自身个性的反映和延伸;buyingbehaviorsarethereflectionsandextensionsofconsumer’spersonalities.解释了人类心理深层次的问题,即潜意识或无意识的问题。Explainingdeeperlevelpsychologicalissuesofhumanbeing,namelyinterpretingtheunconsciousnessornon-consciousnessissues.2019/10/19MaGuo,CEBA,TeachingNotesofConsumerBehavior13心理分析家欧内斯特·迪士特(ErnestDichter)的研究发现:2019/10/19MaGuo,CEBA,TeachingNotesofConsumerBehavior14动机相关产品力量—男性—男子气保龄球、电动工具—红肉、咖啡、为女性买毛皮大衣、用剃须刀刮胡子社会认可友谊:冰激凌、咖啡;肥皂、美容用品个性美食、外国汽车、烟斗、香水、钢笔地位威士忌、地毯、消化不良(担任重要工作)对环境的控制厨具、船、运动用品、打火机2)社会心理学理论Social-PsychologyTheory强调决定行为的环境和情境因素的重要性。Emphasizesontheimportanceofenvironmentalandsituationalinfluencedfactorsonbehaviors.个体努力符合社会需要,而社会帮助个体达到他/她的目标,是社会的和心理的结合理论。Individualmakesefforttofitthestandardsandneedsofasociety,whilesocietyhelpsindividualtoachievehis/hergoals.2019/10/19MaGuo,CEBA,TeachingNotesofConsumerBehavior15卡伦·霍妮(KarenHorney)将人们的个性描述为三种类型:将个性分为三种类型:Personalitiescanbedividedintothreegroups:趋同型(顺从性)Compliant孤立型Detached好斗型Aggressive2019/10/19MaGuo,CEBA,TeachingNotesofConsumerBehavior16Applications:应用:研究发现:趋同型消费者偏好具有知名品牌的产品;孤立型消费者不太关心品牌。挑剔型消费者喜欢体现阳刚之气的产品;2019/10/19MaGuo,CEBA,TeachingNotesofConsumerBehavior175.2消费者的自我概念Consumerself-concept5.2.1自我概念的内涵Implicationsofself-concept“自我概念是对自我的看法,或对“我是谁”的理解。self-conceptreferstheopinionstoself,orreferstheunderstandingof“whoamI?它是理解消费者行为中一个很重要的概念,因为人们总是购买有助于强化自我意识的品牌和产品。Self—conceptisaveryimportantconceptinconsumerbehaviorbecausepeoplealwaystendtobuythebrands/productsthatcanstrengthentheirself-consciousness.2019/10/19MaGuo,CEBA,TeachingNotesofConsumerBehavior18M.所罗门定义的自我概念:一个人对自身所所持有的认识。DefinedbyMichaelSolomon:self-conceptisaperson’sperceptiontohim/herself.D.J.霍金斯定义的自我概念是:个人将自身作为对象的所有思想和情感的总和。DefinedbyDellHawkins:self-conceptrepresentsthetotalityoftheindividual‘sthoughtsandfeelingshavingreferencetohimselfasanobject.2019/10/19MaGuo,CEBA,TeachingNotesofConsumerBehavior192)自我概念(或自我意识)的4个特点:FourcharacteristicsofSelf-concepts它是习得的而不是先天的;Self-conceptislearntbutnotinnate它是稳定而持久的;Itisstableandlasting它是有目的性的Itisintended;具有独特性。Itisuniqueandmayleadindividualism2019/10/19MaGuo,CEBA,TeachingNotesofConsumerBehavior205.2.2多重自我multi-self-concept1)自我的基本类别thebasictypesofself-concept实际的自我Actualself-concept理想的自我Idealself-concept私人的自我Privateself-concept社会的自我